Body weight, diet and home range area in primates

Abstract

Primates show a strong positive relationship between body weight and home range area. Dietary habits also influence home range area. Folivorous primates occupy smaller home range areas for their body weight than do frugivores and omnivores. Primates generally require smaller home range area per individual than solitary terrestrial mammals, but primates living in social groups have much larger total home range than individual solitary mammals. This trend may necessitate higher expenditures of energy in food-gathering or modifications in movement patterns.

Pygmoid Australomelanesian Homo sapiens skeletal remains from Liang Bua, Flores: Population affinities and pathological abnormalities

“…These figures are below minima estimated (5,816-7,316 adults) for survival of vertebrate populations over 40 generations (32), which is 0.001 of the term posited for human isolation on Flores (2). An alternative approach (33) using home ranges rather than N or N e (34,35) yields similar results.…”

Habitat preferences, diet, feeding strategy and social organization of the black spider monkey [Ateles paniscus paniscus Linnaeus 1758] in Surinam

“…The se have met with only very limited success. Results are better when use of environment is correlated with aspects of social organization (Clutton-Brock and Harvey, 1977;Milton and May, 1976). As Rasmussen (1981) points out, proximate studies form nearly the entire data base for primate socioecology (e.g., the studies contained in the volume "Primate Ecology" edited by , whe reas only few researchers directly measure effects of environment or use of environment on social interactions.…”

Simulation analyses of space use: Home range estimates, variability, and sample size

“…32 & Harvey, 1982;McNab, 1963;Mech, 1983;Milton & May, 1976;Powell, 1979;Rose, 1982;Sanderson, 1966;Waser & Wiley, 1979). A question that is applicable to all such studies is, "Why is the animal at a particular place at a particular time?"…”

“…These include samplesize(number oflocations), sampling interval and technique, and the accessibility of subjects to direct observation, radio-telemetric study, and/or trapping (see Adams & Davis, 1967, Anderson, 1982, Hayne, 1949, Heezen & Tester, 1967, Mech, 1983, Sanderson, 1966, Sargeant, 1979, Stickel, 1954, and Waser & Wiley, 1979, for discussions of various techniques). Social status (e.g., group member, loner, resident, transient), age, sex, reproductive condition, food resources, the presence (or absence) of conspecifics and other individuals, and habitat (forest, open plains, terrain) also influence movement patterns and space use and consequently the reliability of home range estimates (e.g., Andelt, 1982;Bekoff & Wells, 1980Bowen, 1982;Hibler, 1977;Kruuk, 1972;Laundre & Keller, 1984;Mech, 1970;Messier & Barrette, 1982;Milton, & May, 1976;Powell, 1979;Rose, 1982;Schaller, 1972;Waser & Wiley, 1979). Furthermore, as Mohr (1947) noted, large ranges usually result in reduced accuracy of movement estimates.…”