Body Weight Fluctuation as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Nationwide Cohort Study

Park, Kye-Yeung; Hwang, Hwan Sik; Cho, Kyung-Hwan; Han, Kyungdo; Nam, Ga Eun; Kim, Yang Hyun; Kwon, Yeongkeun; Park, Yong Gyu

doi:10.3390/jcm8070950

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A study evaluated the association Epidemiology/Health services research between variability in body weight and body weight gain or loss and reported the association between the variability in body weight and the development of diabetes. 13 However, the duration of this study was very short and the variability in body weight was calculated for the data of only 2-3 years. 13 The authors defined the weight-stable group with the change in body weight <±5%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between variability in body mass index and development of type 2 diabetes: Panasonic cohort study

Okada

Hamaguchi

Habu

et al. 2021

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

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IntroductionContrasting results have been reported for the association between the variability in body weight and development of diabetes. In the present study, we evaluated the association between the variability in body mass index (BMI) and development of type 2 diabetes in 19 412 Japanese participants without obesity and without body weight gain or loss during the study period.Research design and methodsWe recorded body weight of the participants consecutively each year in Panasonic Corporation, Osaka, Japan from 2008 to 2014 to evaluate the variability of BMI. The participants with obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) at baseline and body weight gain or loss from 2008 to 2014 (delta BMI ≥±1 kg/m2) were excluded from the study. In total, 416 participants developed type 2 diabetes from 2015 to 2018. We used coefficient of variation (CV) to represent the variability in BMI during 6 years of the study period.ResultsCox regression analyses revealed that the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was higher in the fourth quartile (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.75) of CV of BMI than that in the first quartile (lowest quartile) of CV of BMI after adjusting for multiple confounding factors. The risk for developing diabetes increased by 11.1% per 1% increase in CV of BMI.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the variability in BMI is a risk factor for the development of diabetes in the Japanese population without obesity and without body weight gain or loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 However, the duration of this study was very short and the variability in body weight was calculated for the data of only 2-3 years. 13 The authors defined the weight-stable group with the change in body weight <±5%. 13 However, we consider that the ±5% change in body weight during 2-3 years was large and unstable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between variability in body mass index and development of type 2 diabetes: Panasonic cohort study

Okada

Hamaguchi

Habu

et al. 2021

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

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“…83 Together, these results suggest that while weight out of 19 publications showed a positive correlation between weight cycling and increased body fat and deposition of AT centrally but did not find a correlation with increased risk of T2DM. Many other studies have seen a correlation between weight cycling and worsened cardiometabolic disease, atherosclerosis, and even mortality, [88][89][90][91] suggesting that it is still an important area of study.…”

Section: Wei G Ht Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue macrophages: Unique polarization and bioenergetics in obesity

Caslin

Bhanot

Bolus

et al. 2020

Immunological Reviews

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Macrophages comprise a majority of the resident immune cells in adipose tissue (AT) and regulate both tissue homeostasis in the lean state and metabolic dysregulation in obesity. Since the AT environment rapidly changes based upon systemic energy status, AT macrophages (ATMs) must adapt phenotypically and metabolically. There is a distinct dichotomy in the polarization and bioenergetics of in vitro models, with M2 macrophages utilizing oxidative phosphorylation (OX PHOS) and M1 macrophages utilizing glycolysis. Early studies suggested differential polarization of ATMs, with M2‐like macrophages predominant in lean AT and M1‐like macrophages in obese AT. However, recent studies show that the phenotypic plasticity of ATMs is far more complicated, which is also reflected in their bioenergetics. Multiple ATM populations exist along the M2 to M1 continuum and appear to utilize both glycolysis and OX PHOS in obesity. The significance of the dual fuel bioenergetics is unclear and may be related to an intermediate polarization, their buffering capacity, or the result of a mixed population of distinct polarized ATMs. Recent evidence also suggests that ATMs of lean mice serve as a substrate buffer or reservoir to modulate lipid, catecholamine, and iron availability. Furthermore, recent models of weight loss and weight cycling reveal additional roles for ATMs in systemic metabolism. Evaluating ATM phenotype and intracellular metabolism together may more accurately illuminate the consequences of ATM accumulation in obese AT, lending further insight into obesity‐related comorbidities in humans.

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“…Women who weight cycle appear to have a higher risk of diabetes than men who weight cycle, though few studies have focused on women. 33 In an analysis of over 3 million participants in the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea, weight fluctuation was assessed over three weights recorded over a 5-year period and new-onset diabetes was recorded over a 5-year follow-up period. Weight fluctuation was associated with a higher risk of new-onset diabetes (hazard radio [HR]: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07-1.12) after adjusting for baseline BMI.…”

Section: Weight Cycling and Type 2 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight Cycling in Women: Adaptation or Risk?

Carey

Vitek

2020

Semin Reprod Med

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Obesity, dieting, and weight cycling are common among reproductive-age women. Weight cycling refers to intentional weight loss followed by unintentional weight regain. Weight loss is accompanied by changes in gut peptides, adipose hormones, and energy expenditure that promote weight regain to a tightly regulated set point. While weight loss can improve body composition and surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health, it is hypothesized that the weight regain can result in an overshoot effect, resulting in excess weight gain, altered body composition, and negative effects on surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health. Numerous observational studies have examined the association of weight cycling and health outcomes. There appears to be modest association between weight cycling with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in women, but no association with hypertension, cardiovascular events, and overall cancer risk. Interestingly, mild weight cycling may be associated with a decreased risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality. Little is known about the effects of weight cycling in the preconception period. Although obesity and weight gain are associated with pregnancy complications, preconception weight loss does not appear to mitigate the risk of most pregnancy complications related to obesity. Research on preconception weight cycling may provide insight into this paradox.

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Body Weight Fluctuation as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Nationwide Cohort Study

Cited by 30 publications

References 36 publications

Association between variability in body mass index and development of type 2 diabetes: Panasonic cohort study

Association between variability in body mass index and development of type 2 diabetes: Panasonic cohort study

Adipose tissue macrophages: Unique polarization and bioenergetics in obesity

Weight Cycling in Women: Adaptation or Risk?

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