Body weight index indicates the responses of the fecal microbiota, metabolome and proteome to beef/chicken-based diet alterations in Chinese volunteers

Abstract

Relationships between meat consumption and gut diseases have been debated for decades, and the gut microbiota plays an important role in this interplay. It was speculated that the gut microbiota and relevant indicators of hosts with different body weight indexes (BMIs) might respond differentially to meat-based diet alterations, since lean and obese hosts have different gut microbiota composition. Forty-five young Chinese volunteers were recruited and assigned to high-, middle- and low-BMI groups. All of the volunteers were given a beef-based diet for 2 weeks and subsequently with a chicken-based diet for another 2 weeks. Body weight and blood indexes were measured, and fecal samples were obtained for 16S rRNA sequencing, metabolome and proteome analyses. The fecal metabolites of the low-BMI volunteers showed greater sensitivity to meat-based diet alterations. In contrast, the fecal proteome profiles and blood indexes of the high- and middle-BMI volunteers indicated greater sensitivity to meat-based diet alterations. Replacing the beef-based diet with the chicken-based diet largely changed operational taxonomic units of Bacteroides genus, and thus probably induced downregulation of immunoglobulins in feces. Compared with the beef-based diet, the chicken-based diet decreased inflammation-related blood indexes, especially in high- and middle-BMI volunteers. This work highlighted the role of BMI as an important factor predicting changes in gut homeostasis in response to meat consumption. Compared with the chicken-based diet, the beef-based diet may induce more allergic and inflammation-related responses in high- and middle- BMI Chinese at the current level.

Intermittent Protein Diets Alter Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by Changing Tryptophan Metabolism in a Fast-Response Manner

“…One reasonable explanation for this result is that modified dietary macronutrients can rapidly shift the composition of gut microbiota in humans and mice, even within a single day. , Conversely, we discovered that some slow-response bacteria were shaped by long-term dietary protein level change but not by modified short-term protein levels. Fecal microbiota has also reported no significant changes during the two-week alteration from beef-based to chicken-based diets . Indeed, long-term dietary intervention is the primary determinant of bacterial taxa, while short-term dietary pattern change influences a small number of gut microbiota. − …”

“…Fecal microbiota has also reported no significant changes during the two-week alteration from beef-based to chicken-based diets. 40 Indeed, long-term dietary intervention is the primary determinant of bacterial taxa, while short-term dietary pattern change influences a small number of gut microbiota. 41−43 Tryptophan metabolites are potential mediators in diseases such as fatty liver and inflammatory bowel diseases through the kynurenine pathway and direct intestinal microbial metabolism.…”

Plant-based meat analogues aggravated lipid accumulation by regulating lipid metabolism homeostasis in mice

“…The beef, pork, chicken and fish meat proteins displayed beneficial effects on growth and lipid metabolism [20]. In human study, the beef-based to chicken-based diet alterations changed Bacteroides-related proteins and decreased hosts' immunoglobulins in high-and middle-BMI volunteers [21]. Recent studies have also indicated that real meat and plant-based meat analogues have different protein digestion properties in an in vitro digestion model [13].…”

Holistic Integration of Omics Tools for Precision Nutrition in Health and Disease

“…Additionally, differential gut microbial protein expression was detected in stool samples of individuals consuming diets varying in fiber content and glycemic index for 28 days, including those implicated in production and degradation of fatty acids [ 46 ]. Interestingly, replacing beef with a chicken-based diet for two weeks largely affected the abundance of Bacteroides genus, and thus probably induced downregulation of immunoglobulins in feces, especially in high- and middle-BMI Chinese volunteers [ 47 ].…”