Bogor Botanic Gardens as a nature-based solution for mitigating urban heat island and microclimate regulation

Abstract

This paper explores the role of Bogor Botanic Gardens (BBG) as a form of Nature-Based Solution (NBS) to mitigate Urban Heat Islands (UHI). Time series analysis of LANDSAT 8 OLI thermal band and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was done from 2013 to 2020 using Google Earth Engine. Land Surface Temperature (LST) from Bogor and BBG were calculated, compared, and annual UHI areas were derived. The relationship of LST and NDVI were also explored annually to describe the effect of vegetation towards LST with linear regression. Overall, Bogor experiences a decrease of mean LST from 30.67°C and a maximum of 39.14°C in 2013 to 27.07°C and a maximum of 34.35°C in 2020. However, the inside of BBG is cooler with temperature ranging from 28.41°C and a maximum of 35.62°C in 2013 to 24.25°C and a maximum of 29.41°C in 2020. This is an effect of vegetation inside the BBG that regulate microclimate in its surrounding. It can be seen in the negative correlation between NDVI and LST observed with r2 ranging from 0.27 to 0.82. While UHI areas tended to increase from 8220 ha in 2013 to 8926 ha in 2020, BBG consistently acts as an urban cool island in the middle of UHI. Therefore, heat mitigation is proven to be one of the environmental services provided by BBG.

Microclimate Impacts of Land Cover Types in Halu Oleo University Botanical Garden and Its Surroundings

“…Botanical gardens can also play a role in supporting communities in adapting to global climate change (Horotán et al 2023;USBG 2023). On the other hand, there is still a lack of awareness regarding the relationship between botanical gardens and climate mitigation (Akinyoyenu et al 2017;Rahayu and Yusri 2021).…”

Opportunities and challenges of urban green open space for climate change mitigation and adaptation in Bogor, West Java

“…Bogor City is one of the cities that experienced a significant increase in development, as a comparison in 1965, Bogor City had more than 35% green open space and this proportion continued to decrease to 18% in 2021. The reduction in green open space is followed by an increasing population which will also increase the average air temperature by 0.2°C every year, with a comparison of the maximum air temperature of Bogor City normally in the range of 24.25°C-29.41°C [2]. The phenomenon of increasing air temperature in urban areas with an indicator of temperature of 3-10°C can be categorized as Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon.…”