BOLD Response Selective to Flow-Motion in Very Young Infants

Biagi, Laura; Crespi, Sofia; Tosetti, Michela; Morrone, Maria Concetta

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002260

Cited by 101 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Interestingly, the only plastic reorganization was observed in area MT+, specialized for motion processing [16,18]. Development of motion-selective mechanisms is nearly complete at three years, the time of the blindness onset of this patient [14,48]. Even more surprisingly, we observed plastic changes even in the thalamus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Visual BOLD Response in Late Blind Subjects with Argus II Retinal Prosthesis

et al. 2016

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Retinal prosthesis technologies require that the visual system downstream of the retinal circuitry be capable of transmitting and elaborating visual signals. We studied the capability of plastic remodeling in late blind subjects implanted with the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis with psychophysics and functional MRI (fMRI). After surgery, six out of seven retinitis pigmentosa (RP) blind subjects were able to detect high-contrast stimuli using the prosthetic implant. However, direction discrimination to contrast modulated stimuli remained at chance level in all of them. No subject showed any improvement of contrast sensitivity in either eye when not using the Argus II. Before the implant, the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) activity in V1 and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) was very weak or absent. Surprisingly, after prolonged use of Argus II, BOLD responses to visual input were enhanced. This is, to our knowledge, the first study tracking the neural changes of visual areas in patients after retinal implant, revealing a capacity to respond to restored visual input even after years of deprivation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Visual BOLD Response in Late Blind Subjects with Argus II Retinal Prosthesis

et al. 2016

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“…Furthermore, this convergent pattern of connectivity is similar to that observed for the multisensory IPS and STS regions of adults. While the minimal functional connectivity between V1 and the STS may seem surprising, recent results by Biagi et al which investigated functional connectivity in human babies (approximately 7 weeks), found comparable results showing minimal functional connectivity between V1 and temporal areas (Biagi et al, 2015) . Consequently, the present results demonstrate that the connectional substrate for multisensory processing is present in neonates, which is supportive of current theories (e.g., “perceptual narrowing;” (Lewkowicz and A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cortical multisensory connectivity is present near birth in humans

Sours

Raghavan

Foxworthy

et al. 2016

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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How the newborn brain adapts to its new multisensory environment has been a subject of debate. Although an early theory proposed that the brain acquires multisensory features as a result of postnatal experience, recent studies have demonstrated that the neonatal brain is already capable of processing multisensory information. For multisensory processing to be functional, it is a prerequisite that multisensory convergence among neural connections occur. However, multisensory connectivity has not been examined in human neonates nor are its location(s) or afferent sources understood. We used resting state functional MRI (fMRI) in two independent cohorts of infants to examine the functional connectivity of two cortical areas known to be multisensory in adults: the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the superior temporal sulcus (STS). In the neonate, the IPS was found to demonstrate significant functional connectivity with visual association and somatosensory association areas, while the STS showed significant functional connectivity with the visual association areas, primary auditory cortex, and somatosensory association areas. Our findings establish that each of these areas displays functional communication with cortical regions representing various sensory modalities. This demonstrates the presence of cortical areas with converging sensory inputs, representing that the functional architecture needed for multisensory processing is already present within the first weeks of life.

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“…A fresh approach to these entrenched debates is to investigate the development of the visual system, but this work has been highly restricted in two ways. First, since fMRI experiments are prohibitively difficult with awake populations below 4 years of age (a rare exception; Biagi et al, 2015), fMRI studies have been restricted to mid-to-late childhood (e.g., 5-12 years; Golarai et al, 2007;Scherf et al, 2011;Cohen Kadosh et al, 2013). By contrast, behavioral research has established that there are rapid changes in visual perception in the first year of life (Aslin and Smith, 1988;de Haan and Nelson, 1999;Arteberry and Kellman, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use an emerging neuroimaging modality called functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which uses optical methods to record the same physiological signals as fMRI but in a way that allows infants to be able to move, interact with caregivers, and, importantly, attend to visual stimuli (Gervain et al, 2011;Aslin et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lateral Occipital Cortex Is Selective for Object Shape, Not Texture/Color, at Six Months

et al. 2017

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Understanding how the human visual system develops is crucial to understanding the nature and organization of our complex and varied visual representations. However, previous investigations of the development of the visual system using fMRI are primarily confined to a subset of the visual system (high-level vision: faces, scenes) and relatively late in visual development (starting at 4 -5 years of age). The current study extends our understanding of human visual development by presenting the first systematic investigation of a mid-level visual region [the lateral occipital cortex (LOC)] in a population much younger than has been investigated in the past: 6 month olds. We use functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an emerging optical method for recording cortical hemodynamics, to perform neuroimaging with this very young population. Whereas previous fNIRS studies have suffered from imprecise neuroanatomical localization, we rely on the most rigorous MR coregistration of fNIRS data to date to image the infant LOC. We find surprising evidence that at 6 months the LOC has functional specialization that is highly similar to adults. Following Cant and Goodale (2007), we investigate whether the LOC tracks shape information and not other cues to object identity (e.g., texture/material). This finding extends evidence of LOC specialization from early childhood into infancy and earlier than developmental trajectories of high-level visual regions.

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BOLD Response Selective to Flow-Motion in Very Young Infants

Cited by 101 publications

References 82 publications

Visual BOLD Response in Late Blind Subjects with Argus II Retinal Prosthesis

Visual BOLD Response in Late Blind Subjects with Argus II Retinal Prosthesis

Cortical multisensory connectivity is present near birth in humans

The Lateral Occipital Cortex Is Selective for Object Shape, Not Texture/Color, at Six Months

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