Boldness Predicts Aggressiveness, Metabolism, and Activity in Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii

Fu, Yiqiu; Zhang, Zonghang; Zhang, Zhen; Shen, Fengyuan; Xu, Xiuwen; Li, Zheng; Zhang, Yanhao; Zhang, Xiumei

doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.770180

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Then, each fish was introduced into a continuousflow respirometer to measure the standard metabolic rate. The experimental apparatus and procedure followed the classical method which was repeatedly evidenced to be valid in several studies (Xie and Sun, 1990;Fu et al, 2005;Fu et al, 2021;Shen et al, 2021). Briefly, the main components of the apparatus included a big glass aquarium (60 cm × 50 cm × 50 cm), 11 parallel respiratory chambers (length 15 cm, diameter 7 cm), 3 heating rods, 2 air stones, and an oxygen meter.…”

Section: Experiments Iii: the Metabolic Difference Between The Two Te...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social enrichment affects fish growth and aggression depending on fish species: Applications for aquaculture

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Growth performance and aggressive behavior are important measures in fish aquaculture. So, from the perspectives of food production and fish welfare, it is always valuable to increase growth rate and reduce fish aggression efficiently. Physical enrichment has been verified to be a promising method to improve fish welfare. But there is very scarce knowledge about social enrichment, which is an important category of environmental enrichment. In the wild, several fish species often inhabit the same habitat, inevitably experiencing social interactions with each other. From the perspective of nature-based welfare, such social interactions are essential for fish ontogenesis, and deprivation of this social environment may damage fish welfare. Here, we focused on two typical territorial fish species, black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) and fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii), which are often found to inhabit the same area in the wild, in contrast, traditional fish farms simultaneously rear them with the monoculture mode. And we explored the effects of social enrichment (through introducing different numbers of two fishes into the same environment) on their growth and aggression. The results showed that introducing rockfish as a stimulus significantly increased the growth performance of greenling (especially the medium and high enrichment amounts), but social enrichment did not present such effects on the growth of rockfish. Proper social enrichment also significantly decreased the intraspecies aggression both among rockfish and among greenling. Moreover, greenling expressed significantly more aggressive behavior toward rockfish (i.e., the interspecies aggression from greenling toward rockfish) than in reverse. Finally, the average distribution proportion in central areas and standard metabolic rate of greenling were significantly higher than those of rockfish. These results suggest that proper social enrichment is an effective method to decrease aggression and increase growth of the fat greenling, but this improvement is accompanied by a compromised rockfish welfare. This study will promote the application of environmental enrichment strategy on improving the welfare of specific fish species and provide fundamental information for reducing fish aggression and improving fish growth in aquaculture. Further research is needed to optimize the combinations of fish species for practical applications in aquaculture.

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Section: Experiments Iii: the Metabolic Difference Between The Two Te...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social enrichment affects fish growth and aggression depending on fish species: Applications for aquaculture

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Research on [stress] coping style and the pace of life syndrome investigates the individual covariation of behavioural, immunologic and metabolic responses in relation to a given stressor (Koolhaas, 2008 ; Réale et al ., 2010 ). As an example, coping styles have been associated with consistent inter-individual differences in metabolic rate, aggression (Øverli et al ., 2004 ; Martins et al ., 2011 ; Skov et al ., 2019 ; Fu et al ., 2021 ) and cortisol response (Koolhaas, 2008 ; Tudorache et al ., 2015 ; Vargas et al ., 2018 ; Wong et al ., 2019 ), a hormone known to significantly impact glochidia retention (Kirk and Layzer, 1997 ; Dubansky et al ., 2011 ). As such, correlations between glochidial load and activity levels or growth rates may not be causally related (Cunjak and McGladdery, 1991 ; Filipsson et al ., 2016 , 2017 , Marwaha et al ., 2019 ).…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of parasitic freshwater mussels on their host fishes: a review

et al. 2022

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Freshwater mussels in the order Unionida are highly adapted to parasitize fish for the primary purpose of dispersal. The parasitic larval stage affixes itself to the gills or fins of the host where it becomes encysted in the tissue, eventually excysting to develop into a free-living adult. Research on the parasitic interactions between unionids and their host fishes has garnered attention recently due to the increase in worldwide preservation efforts surrounding this highly endangered and ecologically significant order. With the exception of heavy infestation events, these mussels cause minor effects to their hosts, typically only observable effect in combination with other stressors. Moreover, the range of effect intensities on the host varies greatly with the species involved in the interaction, an effect that may arise from different evolutionary strategies between long- and short-infesting mussels; a distinction not typically made in conservation practices. Lower growth and reduced osmotic potential in infested hosts are commonly observed and correlated with infestation load. These effects are typically also associated with increases in metabolic rate and behaviour indicative of stress. Host fish seem to compensate for this through a combination of rapid wound healing in the parasitized areas and higher ventilation rates. The findings are heavily biased towards Margaritifera margaritifera, a unique mussel not well suited for cross-species generalizations. Furthermore, the small body of molecular and genetic studies should be expanded as many conclusions are drawn from studies on the ultimate effects of glochidiosis rather than proximate studies on the underlying mechanisms.

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The effects of egg incubation temperature and parental cross on the swimming activity of juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta

Greenberg,

Filipsson,

Bergman

et al. 2023

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Personality varies among individuals and is influenced by the environment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that egg incubation temperature had carry-over effects on swimming activity of juvenile brown trout, Salmo trutta. Eggs from different crosses involving anadromous and lacustrine-adfluvial parents were incubated under two temperature regimes, unheated (cold) or heated c. 2.5 °C above ambient temperature (warm), until first exogenous feeding. In the laboratory, we used open-field tests to quantify swimming activity in a new environment, and mirror-image tests to measure time spent swimming and resting motionless near a mirror, measures often used as proxies for aggression. These tests were conducted for two cohorts, with one tested in June 2018 and the other in June and August 2019, enabling us to test for repeatability and if differences persisted over the summer. In June, when adjusting for differences in body size between cold- and warm-incubated trout, we found that juvenile trout incubated as embryos at cold temperatures showed more swimming activity and took less time to initiate swimming for their size than those incubated in warm water. There were also body size and year effects but no effects of parental cross. For August, none of the incubation temperature effects observed in June persisted, but cold-incubated trout spent a larger proportion of their time motionless near the mirror than warm-incubated trout and there was a general body size effect on time to initiate swimming. The lack of any persistent effects of incubation temperature between June and August suggests that the effect is ephemeral. Notwithstanding, these results support the hypothesis that incubation temperature has short-term effects on activity of juvenile of brown trout during their first summer. Significance Statement We studied the effect of embryonic temperature on juvenile fish behavior, focusing on swimming activity under different conditions. Brown trout eggs were incubated under two temperature regimes, cold and warm. We show that juvenile trout originating from cold conditions as embryos spent a greater proportion of time swimming and less time to initiate swimming than trout originating from warm conditions. These effects were present in June but not August, which suggests that the effect is short-lived, and occurs during the first summer when mortality of juveniles is high. The duration of the effects needs further study as our previous studies have shown persistent embryonic temperature effects on metabolism, body shape, reproductive potential and emigration of subsequent life stages of salmonids. These results also have bearing on ongoing climate change as even small differences in embryonic temperature may have ecological consequences for subsequent life stages.

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Boldness Predicts Aggressiveness, Metabolism, and Activity in Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Social enrichment affects fish growth and aggression depending on fish species: Applications for aquaculture

Social enrichment affects fish growth and aggression depending on fish species: Applications for aquaculture

Effects of parasitic freshwater mussels on their host fishes: a review

The effects of egg incubation temperature and parental cross on the swimming activity of juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta

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