Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Emergence Profile of Overwintered Weevils Measured by Grandlure- Baited Traps and Predicting Total Emergence1

Leggett, J. E.; Dickerson, W. A.; Burnham, K. P.; Roach, S. H.; Hopkins, A. R.; Planer, F. R.

doi:10.1093/ee/17.5.903

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…SpeciÞc aspects of boll weevil mortality, spring emergence, and Þeld colonization in temperate areas have been studied extensively (Sterling 1971, White and Rummel 1978, Jones and Sterling 1979, Price et al 1985, Rummel and Carroll 1985, but timing of emergence and overwinter survivorship have not been predictable (Stone et al 1990). Leggett et al (1988) concluded that a model based on accumulated heat units was no better than one based on calendar days for predicting boll weevil emergence. No models have been proposed in the fringe areas of the boll weevilÕs range in the United States (Stone et al 1990), and models have not been developed in the tropics or subtropics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Planting Dates on Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Cotton Fruit in the Subtropics

Showler¹,

Greenberg²,

Scott³

et al. 2005

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The effects of planting dates 2-3-wk apart on boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), field-level populations, and feeding and oviposition damage to cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., squares and bolls, were studied during 2002 and 2003 in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Squares were 44-56% more abundant in some later planted treatments than in the earlier planted treatments, but mean cumulative numbers of oviposition- and feeding-damaged squares were 2.7 - 4.8-fold greater in some later planted treatments than in earlier treatments. Increased square production in later planted cotton was offset by boll weevil infestations that occurred when squares are most vulnerable and contribute most toward the pest's reproduction. Early planting avoided boll weevil population buildups in the field when large squares were abundant. Lint yields in 2002 did not differ significantly between the planting date treatments, but in 2003, mean yield in the middle treatment was 23% greater than in the early and late-planted treatments. Insecticide sprays in the earliest planted treatment of each year, based on the 10% damaged squares threshold, were >33% and >43% fewer than in the corresponding middle and latest planting treatments, respectively. Delayed planting, relative to the onset of favorable cotton-growing weather, at the field level, even when not applied uniformly on an areawide scale, is more cost-effective than planting too early or too late.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Planting Dates on Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Cotton Fruit in the Subtropics

Showler¹,

Greenberg²,

Scott³

et al. 2005

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“…The observations of Reinhard (1943), that emergence decreases and may cease entirely during protracted dry spells, are also consistent with our results. Failure to adequately recognize or account for the dramatic inßuence of rainfall on the timing and extent of emergence may explain the inconsistent and generally unsatisfactory predictions yielded by several previous efforts to model emergence (Leggett et al 1988, Stone et al 1990, Parajulee et al 1996. It should also be recognized that the patterns we observed may not be indicative of emergence patterns in arid or semiarid production regions in which rain events during the emergence period are infrequent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…A number of investigators have used pheromone traps to estimate boll weevil emergence (Mitchell et al 1973, Wade and Rummel 1978, Leggett et al 1988, Fuchs and Minzenmayer 1990, and it is commonly accepted that patterns in spring trap captures reßect emergence patterns. Our results indicate that daily capture of weevils in the pheromone trap was significantly related with emergence of weevils in emergence cages, but peak values of these variables were often asynchronous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Overwintered Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Relation to Microclimatic Factors

et al. 2003

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The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, enters a diapause state to survive winters in temperate regions and subsequently emerges from overwintering habitats to infest squaring cotton in the spring. Previous research has found that boll weevil overwintering emergence is closely associated with climatic patterns of temperature and precipitation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of temperature, humidity, and other meteorological factors on the temporal pattern of boll weevil emergence, and to compare the physiological and morphological conditions of emerged and trapped weevils. Emergence cages were infested with diapausing weevils in the fall. Daily emergence and microclimatic conditions of the leaf litter and air were monitored until the subsequent summer. Air temperature and relative humidity, incident solar radiation, and precipitation were signiÞcantly greater on emergence dates than on dates with no emergence. Emerged and trapped weevils were dissected to assess their morphology. Emerged weevils tended to exhibit greater fat body development, a higher frequency of testicular atrophy, and less ovary development than trapped weevils. None of the emerged weevils were rated extra lean and no trapped weevils were rated fat. These results are consistent with previously-reported effects of climatic factors on weevil emergence in other areas of the Cotton Belt, and add new information about the physiological and morphological characteristics of emerged weevils. This information on the dynamics and mechanisms of overwintering provides insight that should be helpful in formulating improved predictive models, risk assessments, and management strategies for the boll weevil.

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“…Carroll et al (1993 reported a lack of a significant difference comparing overwintered weevil suMval for the mild winters of 1987-1988 and 1988-1989 in weeping lovegrass and tall shinnery motte habitats, whereas during the severe winter of [1989][1990], no weevils survived in weeping lovegrass but 1.6% of the total weevils released in tall shinnery motte survived. Slosser and Fuchs (1991) reported that overwintering survival in broadleaf and mesquite habitats was similar during the mild winters from -1986to 1987-1988. Slosser et al (1984 reported a lo-fold higher overwintering survival in tall shinnery motte compared with that in low shinnery brush during a relatively colder winter of 1979-1980, whereas they found no significant difference in overwintering survival between those habitats during a relatively milder winter of 1980-1981.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Ambient temperature data are much more readily available than are leaf litter temperature data. As a result, ambient data often are used to predict the survival and emergence of overwintering weevils (Gaines 1943, Curry et al 1980, Leggett et al 1988, Stone et al 1990). The objective of this research was to establish the relationship between ambient and overwintering habitat temperatures in the Rolling Plains of Texas for greater accuracy in evaluating boll weevil overwintering survival and emergence.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Ambient and Leaf Litter Temperatures in Overwintering Habitats of Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Parajulee¹,

Wilson²,

Rummel³

et al. 1997

Environmental Entomology

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Temperature data are unavailable for most boll weevil overwintering habitats. As a result, ambient data often are used to estimate overwintering survival and emergence. In this study, relationship of ambient and overwintering habitat temperatures was determined for 6 habitats in the Rolling Plains of Texas. The amplitude of the daily temperature cycle in the leaf litter of each habitat was dampened compared with that recorded for ambient. Average minimum daily leaf litter temperature was 3.19"C higher in the shelterbelt habitat, followed by mesquite-grass pasture (3.54"C), tall shinnery motte (3.64"C), low shinnery brush (3.81°C), lovegrass (4.Ol0C), and pecan (6.01"C). Likewise, the average maximum daily leaf litter temperature was 3.77% lower in shelterbelt, followed by pecan (3.SSoC), lovegrass (3.87"C). mesquite-grass pasture (4.07"C), low shinnery brush (5.5loC), and tall shinnery motte (6.12"C). Stepwise multiple regression of hourly leaf litter temperatures explained 93% of the variability, with hourly ambient temperature and week of year being significant variables. Similarly, multiple regressions of daily leaf litter minimum temperatures and daily leaf litter maximum temperatures explained 96 and 90% of the variability, respectively, with ambient temperatures and week of year being significant variables for both regressions. The effect of temperature quality (ambient versus leaf litter) and sampling frequency (hourly versus daily) on positive (>6.1°C) and negative (

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Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Emergence Profile of Overwintered Weevils Measured by Grandlure- Baited Traps and Predicting Total Emergence1

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Planting Dates on Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Cotton Fruit in the Subtropics

Effects of Planting Dates on Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Cotton Fruit in the Subtropics

Emergence of Overwintered Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Relation to Microclimatic Factors

Relationship Between Ambient and Leaf Litter Temperatures in Overwintering Habitats of Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

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