Bolus Versus Continuous Feedings Stimulate Small-Intestinal Growth and Development in the Newborn Pig

Shulman, Robert J.; Redel, Carol A.; Stathos, Theodore H.

doi:10.1097/00005176-199404000-00017

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…6). Such a stimulation would be consistent with evidence suggesting that bolus vs. continuous enteral feeding not only increases small intestinal growth and development in piglets but also improves weight gain and feeding tolerance in preterm infants (32,30). This effect is apparently not due to the stimulation of trophic peptide secretion in the gut, such as glucagon-like peptide 2 and peptide YY (44).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Intestinal lysine metabolism is driven by the enteral availability of dietary lysine in piglets fed a bolus meal

Bos

Stoll²,

Fouillet³

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Intestinal lysine metabolism is driven by the enteral availability of dietary lysine in piglets fed a bolus meal. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285: E1246-E1257, 2003. First published August 8, 2003 10.1152/ajpendo.00150.2003.-Previous steady-state continuous-feeding studies have shown that the gut mucosa removes substantial amounts of both dietary and systemic amino acids. However, enteral nutrition is often given under non-steady-state conditions as a bolus meal, and this has been shown to influence systemic metabolism. Therefore, our aim was to quantify the relative metabolism of dietary and systemic lysine by the portal-drained viscera (PDV) under non-steady-state conditions after a single bolus meal. Five 28-day-old piglets implanted with arterial, venous, and portal catheters and with an ultrasonic portal flow probe were given an oral bolus feeding of a milk formula containing a trace quantity of intrinsically 15 N-labeled soy protein and a continuous intravenous infusion of [U-13 C]lysine for 8 h. Total lysine use by the PDV was maximal 1 h after the meal (891 mol ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ h Ϫ1 ) and was predominantly of dietary origin (89%), paralleling the enteral delivery of dietary lysine. Intestinal lysine use returned to a low level after 4 h postprandially and was derived exclusively from the arterial supply until 8 h. Cumulative systemic appearance of dietary lysine reached 44 and 80% of the ingested amount 4 and 8 h after the meal, respectively, whereas the PDV first-pass use of dietary lysine was 55 and 32% of the intake for these two periods, respectively. We conclude that the first-pass utilization rate of dietary lysine by the PDV is directly increased by the enteral lysine availability and that it is higher with a bolus than with continuous oral feeding.amino acid metabolism; dietary amino acids; portal-drained viscera; nonsteady state STUDIES IN ANIMALS have shown that, during feeding, amino acid utilization by gut tissues is a major determinant of the systemic availability of both essential and nonessential dietary amino acids (27). Indeed, the intestine removes a substantial part of the absorbed dietary essential amino acids to fulfill its own metabolic needs for purposes of protein biosynthesis and energy production (37,39,43,47). This phenomenon can decrease the systemic availability of essential amino acids to the body (39,45,49). However, the gut can also be considered as a buffer, sequestering dietary amino acids through protein synthesis during feeding when they are available in excess, and then releasing them in the fasted state to the peripheral pools when their availability is decreased (12,33).Nonessential amino acids are used by the intestine in synthetic pathways and energy production. They also undergo several metabolic interconversions (in particular, glutamate removal and arginine and alanine synthesis), producing a different pattern of amino acids released in the portal circulation than that of dietary protein (28,29,39,41,43,48).Although the intestine is mainly supplied with dietary ami...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Intestinal lysine metabolism is driven by the enteral availability of dietary lysine in piglets fed a bolus meal

Bos

Stoll²,

Fouillet³

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…[33][34][35] The specific activity of lactase was determined in all 4 small intestinal segments collected. The units of specific activity are expressed as mol/min/g protein.…”

Section: Protein and Dna Content Lactase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding an Elemental Diet vs a Milk‐Based Formula Does Not Decrease Intestinal Mucosal Growth in Infant Pigs

Stoll

Price

Reeds

et al. 2006

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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“…Intermittent feeding is considered more physiological on the basis of a more natural feed-fast cycle and promotes gastrointestinal hormone secretions (3,41). Intermittent feeding also stimulates intestinal growth and development in newborn piglets by increasing mucosal and intestinal protein mass compared with continuous feeding (54).…”

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confidence: 99%

Anabolic signaling and protein deposition are enhanced by intermittent compared with continuous feeding in skeletal muscle of neonates

El‐Kadi

Suryawan

Gazzaneo

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Orogastric tube feeding is indicated for neonates with impaired ability to ingest and can be administered by intermittent bolus or continuous schedule. Our aim was to determine whether feeding modalities affect muscle protein deposition and to identify mechanisms involved. Neonatal pigs were overnight fasted (FAS) or fed the same amount of food continuously (CON) or intermittently (INT; 7 × 4 h meals) for 29 h. For 8 h, between hours 20 and 28, pigs were infused with [(2)H(5)]phenylalanine and [(2)H(2)]tyrosine, and amino acid (AA) net balances were measured across the hindquarters. Insulin, branched-chain AA, phenylalanine, and tyrosine arterial concentrations and whole body phenylalanine and tyrosine fluxes were greater for INT after the meal than for CON or FAS. The activation of signaling proteins leading to initiation of mRNA translation, including eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4E·eIF4G complex formation in muscle, was enhanced by INT compared with CON feeding or FAS. Signaling proteins of protein degradation were not affected by feeding modalities except for microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II, which was highest in the FAS. Across the hindquarters, AA net removal increased for INT but not for CON or FAS, with protein deposition greater for INT. This was because protein synthesis increased following feeding for INT but remained unchanged for CON and FAS, whereas there was no change in protein degradation across any dietary treatment. These results suggest that muscle protein accretion in neonates is enhanced with intermittent bolus to a greater extent than continuous feeding, mainly by increased protein synthesis.

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Bolus Versus Continuous Feedings Stimulate Small-Intestinal Growth and Development in the Newborn Pig

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Intestinal lysine metabolism is driven by the enteral availability of dietary lysine in piglets fed a bolus meal

Intestinal lysine metabolism is driven by the enteral availability of dietary lysine in piglets fed a bolus meal

Feeding an Elemental Diet vs a Milk‐Based Formula Does Not Decrease Intestinal Mucosal Growth in Infant Pigs

Anabolic signaling and protein deposition are enhanced by intermittent compared with continuous feeding in skeletal muscle of neonates

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