Bonding and high-temperature reliability of NiFeMo alloy/n-type PbTe joints for thermoelectric module applications

Xia, Haiyang; Drymiotis, Fivos; Chen, Cheng Lung; Wu, Aiping; Chen, Yang Yuan; Snyder, G. Jeffrey

doi:10.1007/s10853-015-8820-8

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…PbTe 热电材料用于温差发电技术可以追溯到上世纪 60 年代, 为宇宙深空探测器供给持续、稳定、可靠的电能, 它以同位素衰减热为热源, 实现了 5%~6%热电转换效率 [15] 。铁用作 PbTe 的电极材料, 与 n 型 PbTe 接触电阻率小于 10 μΩ•cm 2 , 结合强度甚至大于 PbTe 材料本身; 而 p 型 PbTe 采用 SnTe 半金属作为中间层与 Fe 连接后, 其接触电阻率也小于 10 μΩ•cm 2 [35] 。Singh 等 [36] 同样采用 Fe 作为接触材料, 添加 200 μm 厚 0.5PbTe-0.5Fe 混合物作为缓冲层 600 ℃真空热压制作 n-PbTe 热电臂, 添加 SnTe 中间层形成 p-TAGS-85 热电臂, 通过测量热电偶臂的内阻推导出平均的界面电阻率小于 7.6 μΩ•cm 2 , 界面电阻占 3.5%的总内阻, 并且界面元素分布清晰未发生扩散生成化合物。Leavitt 等 [37] 申请的专利中考虑了 Fe 和 PbTe 的热膨胀系数差异(12×10 −6 和 18×10 −6 K −1 ), 采用 1 mm 厚的 0.75PbTe-0.25Fe 混合粉末层作为 p 型、 n 型 PbTe 和 Fe 之间的缓冲, 然后采用真空热压粉末冶金工艺。Xia 等 [38][39][40] 尝试了 Fe、Mo、Ni、NiFeMo、Nb 箔与 n 型 PbTe 粉末热压连接 , Mo 未能成功键合 ; 扫描电镜观察了 PbTe/Fe 界面, 发现 Fe 在 PbTe 内能有 20 m 扩散深度, 浓度依指数关系递减, 但未反应形成铁碲化合物, 两相界面清晰, 无过渡层; 而 Ni、Nb 连接生成了 Ni 3 Te 2 和 Nb 3 Te 4 , 但研究未给出这些界面的接触电阻数据。此外, Ni 也被尝试用作 PbTe 的接触材料。 Orihashi 等 [41] 发现 Ni/n-PbTe 无明显接触电阻, 而 Ni/p-Pb 0.5 Te 0.5 界面可能由于生成了 Ni 施主能级有着较大的接触电阻, 通过增加 SnTe 中间层可以降低该电阻。放电等离子技术也用于一步烧结键合 n-PbTe 粉末和 Ni 片, 形成 27 μm 厚的 Ni 3 Te 2 中间层, 由 Te 扩散进入 Ni 反应生成, Pb 元素基本无迁移 [4142] 。 Hu 等 [11] [46] 采用电弧喷涂法形成 SKD 的 Mo 金属化层, 制造了 32 对偶臂的热电器件。但是, Mo 或 Mo-Cu 很难与 SKD 直接键合, 需要引入 Ti 粘附层 [47] , Ti 的热膨胀系数为 8.6×10 −6 K −1 , 比较接近 CoSb 3 的热膨胀系数。Zhao 等 [48][49] [50] 。 Fan 等 [45] [13] Fig. 9 (a) Power generation efficiency of segmented BT/SKD modules and (b) scanning electron microscopy image of SKD/Ti 0.88 Al 0.12 /Ni interface and electrode on hot side [13] 前景。他们设计了…”

Section: Pbte 基热电材料的界面unclassified

Thermoelectric Device: Contact Interface and Interface Materials

Hu¹,

Zhang²,

Fu³

et al. 2019

Journal of Inorganic Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermoelectric power generation via Seebeck effect features an unique advantage in converting large amount of distributed and low-grade waste heat into electricity. Thermoelectric materials have become a hot topic of research in the field of new energy materials, guided by the high figure of merit ZT. Although various mid-temperature thermoelectric materials were discovered, the industrial application of these materials, especially in power generation applications, progressed very slowly. The staggering interface technology associated with thermoelectric device restricted the advance of thermoelectric conversion technology. In this review, the bottleneck issues of utilizing Bi 2 Te 3-based devices for power generation were used as an example to illustrate the critical interface technologies. The key issues at designing electrode contact interfaces were summarized, including low contact resistance, high bonding strength, and superior thermal chemical stability at high temperature. The recent progress on the metallization and interfacial barrier layer for typical materials of Bi 2 Te 3 , PbTe and CoSb 3 were also reviewed.

show abstract

Section: Pbte 基热电材料的界面unclassified

Thermoelectric Device: Contact Interface and Interface Materials

Hu¹,

Zhang²,

Fu³

et al. 2019

Journal of Inorganic Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The durability of TEGs in terrestrial applications such as automotive exhaust waste heat recovery is still a major issue, whereas in space mission applications thermoelectric generators have proven their reliability over decades of operation [1][2][3][4][5]. Durability issues are partly due to mechanical and thermomechanical stresses arising from external mechanical loads like vibrations as well as fast changing thermal conditions on the hot and cold side and mismatches in the coefficients of thermal expansion [5,6]. Besides failure of the contact between thermoelectric material and metal bridge a fracture of the thermoelectric leg itself is a major concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the mechanical properties of thermoelectric lead telluride by alloying with non-doping calcium

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermoelectric generators have a great potential in waste heat recovery and energy harvesting due to their principle of directly converting thermal into electrical energy. Despite a long history in space travel and a broad range of potential applications, TEGs are rarely found in terrestrial applications. Reasons are manufacturing problems and limited durability in dynamic operation conditions due to deficient mechanical properties of the thermoelectric materials, which often suffer from low strength and high brittleness. We present a concept for the basically independent tailoring of mechanical and thermoelectric properties. This can be achieved by the alloying of TE materials with additional elements having preferably no or only little influence on the TE properties. We demonstrate a route of improving the mechanical properties of PbTe by alloying with calcium. It is shown that calcium has minor effects on the thermoelectric properties of PbTe while significantly increasing hardness and fracture strength. As proof of concept, mechanically more stable sodium and calcium co-doped Pb 0.966 Ca 0.02 Na 0.014 Te with ZT exceeding 1.2 above 650 K is demonstrated.

show abstract

“…Mo is another candidate for metal electrode, and the corresponding diffusion barrier is of NiFeMo layer (82Ni-15Fe-3Mo (wt%) [47]). While bonding, the liquid Pb forms inside the PbTe, and penetrates into NiFeMo film, which leads to the joint failure.…”

Section: Bonding In Pbte-based Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial reactions in thermoelectric modules

Wei

et al. 2018

Materials Research Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Engineering transport properties of thermoelectric (TE) materials leads to incessantly breakthroughs in the zT values. Nevertheless, modular design holds a key factor to advance the TE technology. Herein, we discuss the structures of TE module and illustrate the inter-diffusions across the interface of constituent layers. For Bi 2 Te 3 -based module, soldering is the primary bonding method, giving rise to the investigations on the selections of solder, diffusion barrier layer and electrode. For midtemperature PbTe-based TE module, hot-pressing or spark plasma sintering are alternative bonding approaches; the inter-diffusions between the diffusion barrier layer, electrode and TE substrate are addressed as well. ARTICLE HISTORY

show abstract

Bonding and high-temperature reliability of NiFeMo alloy/n-type PbTe joints for thermoelectric module applications

Abstract: PbTe is an extremely important thermoelectric (TE) material, due to its high TE conversion efficiency.

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Thermoelectric Device: Contact Interface and Interface Materials

Thermoelectric Device: Contact Interface and Interface Materials

Tailoring the mechanical properties of thermoelectric lead telluride by alloying with non-doping calcium

Interfacial reactions in thermoelectric modules

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About