Bonding strength of benuang and duabanga glulams using their barks as phenol formaldehyde-filler

Abstract

In line with environmental issues and forest sustainability, tree bark of two species from tropical rain forests i.e. benuang (Octomeles sumatrana/BN) and duabanga (Duabanga moluccana/DB) was used as filler for phenol formaldehyde resin (PF-filler). The main objective of the research was to analyze effect of tree barks as PF-filler on bonding strength of BN and DB glulams produced. Four glue mixture compositions with ratio PF, technical filler, and tree bark filler, respectively are 10: 0: 0 (A); 10: 1.5: 0.5 (B); 10: 1.25: 0.75 (C); and 10: 1: 1 (D) were prepared. Characteristics of tree bark and glue mixtures were also investigated. Glulam parameters i.e. moisture content, density, delamination, bonding strength, wood failure, and formaldehyde emission were determined following JAS 1152. Results showed bonding strength was influenced by wood species and glue mixture composition. The B composition—the lowest ratio of tree bark filler—is the best for BN glulam, while for DB glulam D composition—the highest ratio of tree bark filler—was the best. Generally, tree bark filler improved the bonding strength, however, without bark as PF-filler, the failure occurred on the glue line. Furthermore, DB bark is more potential to be utilized as PF-filler.

The Application of Oak Bark Powder as a Filler for Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesive in Plywood Manufacturing

“…The partial replacement of wheat flour with chestnut and fir bark powders also resulted in the decrease of free formaldehyde content and the increase in plywood's mechanical properties [22]. Furthermore, Marbun et al [23] studied the effect of benuang (Octomeles sumatrana BN) and duabanga (Duabanga moluccana DB) barks as the filler for phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) in glulam production. On the basis of the presented results, it was concluded that the bark of both species can be effectively used as a modifier of PF adhesive.…”

Larch Bark as a Formaldehyde Scavenger in Thermal Insulation Panels

“…Jahanshaei et al [ 14 ] developed an eco-friendly tannin-phenol formaldehyde resin to decrease the formaldehyde level of wood composites [ 15 ] using a bark alkaline extractive from lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta ) to produce bio-based melamine formaldehyde resins. Benuang bark ( Octomeles sumatrana /BN) and duabanga bark ( Duabanga moluccana /DB) can act as filler in phenol-formaldehyde [ 16 ] adhesives. Red cedar bark ( Thuja plicata ) was analyzed in compounds with isocyanates (pMDI) resins [ 17 , 18 ]; the authors analyzed the influence of beech bark ( Fagus sylvatica ) in adhesive mixtures used in plywood (Ply) and [ 19 ] carried out research on the effects of using birch bark ( Betula pendula ) particles with various dimensions as a filler for urea-formaldehyde resin in Ply, similar to the study of [ 20 ], who analyzed the role of walnut, chestnut, fir, and spruce bark flours instead of wheat flour in Ply production.…”