Bone Grafts and Bone Graft Substitutes in Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery

Long, William G.; Einhorn, Thomas A.; Koval, Kenneth J.; McKee, Michael D.; Smith, Wade R.; Sanders, Roy; Watson, Tracy

doi:10.2106/00004623-200703000-00026

Cited by 325 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Although treatment methods like allograft and autograft are the gold standard for treatment of some diseases and tumors, they have undeniable deficiencies. As an outstanding example, fracture, nonunion and infection are some complicated drawbacks of more than 30% of the allograft procedures and also requiring high volume of bone in autograft method (DE LONG et al, 2007;Doyle et al, 2015). Therefore, researchers have gone toward preparation of suitable structural frameworks named bone scaffold to provide a support for cells (Jariwala et al, 2015;Poh, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of the mechanical properties of the additive manufactured bone scaffolds fabricated by FDM: The effect of layer penetration and post-heating

Naghieh

Karamooz-Ravari

Badrossamay

et al. 2016

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

127

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In recent years, thanks to additive manufacturing technology, researchers have gone towards the optimization of bone scaffolds for the bone reconstruction. Bone scaffolds should have appropriate biological as well as mechanical properties in order to play a decisive role in bone healing. Since the fabrication of scaffolds is time consuming and expensive, numerical methods are often utilized to simulate their mechanical properties in order to find a nearly optimum one. Finite element analysis is one of the most common numerical methods that is used in this regard. In this paper, a parametric finite element model is developed to assess the effects of layer adhesion on the mechanical properties of bone scaffolds. To be able to validate this model, some compression test specimens as well as bone scaffolds are fabricated with biocompatible and biodegradable poly lactic acid using fused deposition modeling. All these specimens are tested in compression and their elastic modulus is obtained. Using the material parameters of the compression test specimens, the finite element analysis of the bone scaffold is performed. The obtained elastic modulus is compared with experiment indicating a good agreement. Accordingly, the proposed finite element model is able to predict the mechanical behavior of fabricated bone scaffolds accurately. In addition, the effect of post-heating of bone scaffolds on their elastic modulus is investigated. The results demonstrate that the numerically predicted elastic modulus of scaffold is closer to experimental outcomes in comparison with as-build samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of the mechanical properties of the additive manufactured bone scaffolds fabricated by FDM: The effect of layer penetration and post-heating

Naghieh

Karamooz-Ravari

Badrossamay

et al. 2016

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The reconstruction of large bone segments remains a critical clinical problem in the case of extensive bone loss due to pathological events such as trauma, inflammation, degeneration and surgical treatment of tumors [5,6]. For this purpose, several approaches have been attempted for defect filling and subsequent regeneration, including autogenous and xenogenous bone grafting and synthetic biomaterials [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterials interaction: a promising synergy to improve spine fusion

et al. 2012

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Purpose Spine fusion is the gold standard treatment in degenerative and traumatic spine diseases. The bone regenerative medicine needs (i) in vitro functionally active osteoblasts, and/or (ii) the in vivo induction of the tissue. The bone tissue engineering seems to be a very promising approach for the effectiveness of orthopedic surgical procedures, clinical applications are often hampered by the limited availability of bone allograft or substitutes. New biomaterials have been recently developed for the orthopedic applications. The main characteristics of these scaffolds are the ability to induce the bone tissue formation by generating an appropriate environment for (i) the cell growth and (ii) recruiting precursor bone cells for the proliferation and differentiation. A new prototype of biomaterials known as ''bioceramics'' may own these features. Bioceramics are bone substitutes mainly composed of calcium and phosphate complex salt derivatives. Methods In this study, the characteristics bioceramics bone substitutes have been tested with human mesenchymal stem cells obtained from the bone marrow of adult orthopedic patients. Results These cellular models can be employed to characterize in vitro the behavior of different biomaterials, which are used as bone void fillers or three-dimensional scaffolds.Conclusions Human mesenchymal stem cells in combination with biomaterials seem to be good alternative to the autologous or allogenic bone fusion in spine surgery. The cellular model used in our study is a useful tool for investigating cytocompatibility and biological features of HA-derived scaffolds.

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“…12 P15/ABM TM (Cerapedics, Westminster, CO) has also been used clinically and shown to improve osteointegration in spinal fusion studies. [13][14][15] Numerous attempts to improve osteointegration of Ti implants have been attempted with varying degrees of success. 16,17 Recent attention has been focused on the immobilization of small bioactive molecules on the implant surface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalent attachment of P15 peptide to titanium surfaces enhances cell attachment, spreading, and osteogenic gene expression

Liu

Limthongkul

Sidhu

et al. 2012

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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P15, a synthetic 15 amino acid peptide, mimics the cell-binding domain within the alpha-1 chain of human collagen is being tested in clinical trials to determine if it enhances bone formation in spinal fusions. We hypothesize that covalent attachment of P15 to titanium implants may also serve to promote osseointegration. To test this hypothesis, we measured osteoblast and mesenchymal cell adhesion, proliferation, and maturation on P15 tethered to a titanium (Ti-P15) surface. P15 peptide was covalently bonded to titanium alloy surfaces and incubated with osteoblast like cells. Cell toxicity, adhesion, spreading, and differentiation was then evaluated. Real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot analysis, and fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed to measure osteoblast gene expression and differentiation. There was no evidence of toxicity. Significant increases in early cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation were observed on the Ti-P15 surface. Increased filapodial attachments, a 2 integrin expression, and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase immunostaining indicated activation of integrin signaling pathways. qRT-PCR analysis indicated there was significant increase in osteogenic differentiation markers in cells grown on Ti-P15 compared to control-Ti. Western blotting confirmed these findings. Surface modification of titanium with P15 significantly increased cell attachment, spreading, osteogenic gene expression, and differentiation. Results of this study suggest that Ti-P15 has the potential to safely enhance bone formation and promote osseointegration of titanium implants. ß

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Bone Grafts and Bone Graft Substitutes in Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery

Cited by 325 publications

References 49 publications

Numerical investigation of the mechanical properties of the additive manufactured bone scaffolds fabricated by FDM: The effect of layer penetration and post-heating

Numerical investigation of the mechanical properties of the additive manufactured bone scaffolds fabricated by FDM: The effect of layer penetration and post-heating

Human mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterials interaction: a promising synergy to improve spine fusion

Covalent attachment of P15 peptide to titanium surfaces enhances cell attachment, spreading, and osteogenic gene expression

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