Bone Growth and Distribution in Swine as Influenced by Liveweight, Breed, Sex, and Ration

Carvallo, Francisco R.; Domínguez, Antonio S.; Morales, Pamela

doi:10.4141/cjas72-005

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…McMeekan (1940) and Richmond and Berg (1972) using pigs, and Seebeck (1973) Seebeck (1913) and Berg et al (1979) indicated that these bones had growth coefficients significantly greater than 1.0 with the lumbar region being the latest maturing in agreement with the growth gradient theory of Hammond (1932). However, Seebeck (1973) and Berg etal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Effects of Breed and Sex on the Relative Growth and Distribution of Bone in Cattle

JONES¹,

PRICE²,

BERG³

1978

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Effects of Breed and Sex on the Relative Growth and Distribution of Bone in Cattle

JONES¹,

PRICE²,

BERG³

1978

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…It is likely that this results in increased mechanical loads to the bones as, in growing pigs, body weight increases relatively faster than bone mass and bone cross-sectional area. 20 The trabeculae align at a later stage, when the increase in weight, hence in the loads, is slower compared with the early growth stage. This suggests that, in the early growth stage, when the trabecular architecture is not yet optimally adapted to external loads, mechanical adaptation is achieved through increased bone mass, and that the trabecular architecture is more efficient in later years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in bone volume fraction precedes architectural adaptation in growing bone

Tanck

Homminga

Lenthe

et al. 2001

Bone

178

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In mature trabecular bone, both density and trabecular orientation are adapted to external mechanical loads. Few quantitative data are available on the development of architecture and mechanical adaptation in juvenile trabecular bone. We studied the hypothesis that a time lag occurs between the adaptation of trabecular density and the adaptation of trabecular architecture during development. To investigate this hypothesis we used ten female pigs at 6, 23, 56, 104, and 230 weeks of age. Three-dimensional morphological and mechanical parameters of trabecular bone samples from the vertebra and proximal tibia were studied using microcomputed tomography and micro-finite element analysis. Both bone volume fraction and stiffness increased rapidly in the initial growth phase (from 6 weeks on), whereas the morphological anisotropy started increasing only after 23 weeks of age. In addition, the anisotropy reached its highest value much later in the development than did bone volume fraction. Hence, the alignment of trabeculae was still progressing at the time of peak bone mass. Therefore, our hypothesis was supported by the time lag between the increase in trabecular density and the adaptation of the trabecular architecture. The rapid increase of bone volume fraction in the initial growth phase can be explained by the enormous weight increase of the pigs. The trabeculae aligned at later stages when the increase in weight, and thus the loading, was slowed considerably compared with the early growth stage. Hence, the trabecular architecture was more efficient in later years. We conclude that density is adapted to external load from the early phase of growth, whereas the trabecular architecture is adapted later in the development.

show abstract

“…In fact, (a) the increase in bone volume fraction (density) is the determinant feature of growing bone (43), and (b) the weights of the bones increase faster with age during fetal development than do the volumes while percentage ash weights of the fetal skeletons show only a slight but significant increase with age (38). Finally, the hypothesis that QUS simply detects bone size differences can be rejected by considering that (a) body weight increases relatively faster than bone cross-sectional area (44), (b) studies in bones from pigs show no dependency of SOS from the thickness of cortical or trabecular bone slices (45), and (c) ultrasound velocity is largely dependent upon bone density rather than bone width (46,47). Finally, microarchitectural (structural property) deterioration cannot be taken into account to explain the reduced ultrasonic transmission, as suggested by some (48) and questioned by others (49), because architectural adaptation in growing bone follows the increase in bone volume fraction (43) and is not activated at this early state of development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative ultrasound for the assessment of osteopenia in preterm infants

Rubinacci¹,

Moro²,

Boehm³

et al. 2003

European Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To evaluate the potential role of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) investigation in assessing the osteopenia of prematurity. Design: QUS parameters measured at the time of discharge were related to the anthropometric characteristics and age (postnatal and gestational) of 51 (34 female and 17 male) preterm infants fed fortified human milk. Methods: QUS evaluation was performed at the humerus (h) by measuring two parameters: ultrasound velocity (hSOS, in m/s) and bone transmission time (hBTT, in ms). A group of 43 term infants (29 female and 14 male) was also evaluated. Results: In preterm infants, significant correlations were found for hSOS and hBTT vs gestational age (r ¼ 0.504, 0.477, P , 0.0001), length (r ¼ 0.641, 0.594, P , 0.0001) and weight (r ¼ 0.580, 0.562, P , 0.0001) at birth, and length (r ¼ 0.341, 0.332, P , 0.05) and weight (r ¼ 0.331, r ¼ 0.362, P , 0.05) at QUS measurement. In preterm infants, both QUS parameters were negatively correlated with age (r ¼ 2 0.536, P , 0.0001, r ¼ 2 0.443, P , 0.001) and were significantly lower than in the term infants (hSOS: 1664^42 m/s vs 1734^28 m/s, P , 0.0001; hBTT: 0.58^0.24 ms vs 1.06^0.15 ms, P , 0.0001) even when adjusted for body length (P , 0.05). In preterm infants, hSOS was also negatively correlated with postconceptional age (r ¼ 2 0.322, P , 0.05).Conclusions: This study suggests that bone mineral accrual is mainly determined by the development in utero, and that prematurity induces a halt in the bone development process in the early postnatal period. QUS parameters are correlated with the severity of prematurity and might therefore have clinical applications when bone maturation in early life needs to be determined.

show abstract

Bone Growth and Distribution in Swine as Influenced by Liveweight, Breed, Sex, and Ration

Cited by 34 publications

References 3 publications

Effects of Breed and Sex on the Relative Growth and Distribution of Bone in Cattle

Effects of Breed and Sex on the Relative Growth and Distribution of Bone in Cattle

Increase in bone volume fraction precedes architectural adaptation in growing bone

Quantitative ultrasound for the assessment of osteopenia in preterm infants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About