Bone Health in Relation to Vitamin-D Status and Serum Adipokines in Obese Egyptian Children

Abstract

Childhood obesity has been linked to an increase in fracture risk, so the impact of obesity on bone metabolism is becoming a focus of attention to identify factors that may affect bone health in obese children. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D], adipokines and bone status in obese children. This case control study was executed in the Child Health Clinic in Medical and Scientific Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre (NRC), 100 obese and 80 non-obese age- and sex-matched children were enrolled in our study with mean age of (10.12±2.34 & 9.62±1.67 years) respectively. Anthropometric measurements, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and its Z-score, bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in relation to body weight (kg), we also determined serum 25(OH) D, adiponectin, leptin and lipid profile. HOMA-IR was calculated to assess insulin resistance. It was found that BMC and BMD Z-score adjusted for weight were significantly lower in obese children as compared to controls (all p<0.05). Obese children had lower levels of 25(OH) D and adiponectin (P<0.01), while higher levels of leptin, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) compared to controls (P<0.01). Both BMC and BMD Z-score showed positive association with 25(OH) D and adiponectin (P<0.01) and negative association with HOMA-IR, TG and TC (P<0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that 25(OH) D was the most effective factor predicting BMD Z-score and BMC in obese children. It is concluded that, obesity is negatively related to bone health in childhood. Those obese children are at increased risk for vitamin D insufficiency, which shows an obvious relationship to lower bone mass, raising the question of supplementation to prevent the deleterious effect of its deficiency on bones and reducing future risk of fracture and osteoporosis.

Utilization of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Agro-Industrial Wastes as Natural Herbicides

“…These findings are compatible with [13] reported that orange peel waste significantly inhibited growth of canary grass and cheese weeds in pots experiment. [41] reported that mango leaves waste had allelopathic effects and significantly suppressed the shoot and root biomass of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in both petri dish and pot trails.…”

“…The gradual accumulation or incorrect disposal of these wastes may cause environmental problems [10]. Recent studies reported that some agro-industrial wastes, such as orange peel, olive oil mill wastes and mango leaves, have allelopathic effect and could be utilized in weed control as natural products [11,12,13,14].…”

Vitamin D Status in Neonatal Pulmonary Infections: Relationship to Inflammatory Indicators

“…Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that has a great role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, bone metabolism and bone development [5], [6]. Recently the role of vitamin D on glucose homeostasis, cardiovascular diseases, immune system and cancer has been reported [7], [8].…”

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children presenting with supracondylar fractures of humerus

“…On the other hand, some have also found a significant association between obesity and vitamin D deficiency ultimately leading to fractures. Increased adipose tissue leads to inadequate mineralisation leading to bone fractures 23 …”