Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children presenting with supracondylar fractures of humerus

Abstract

Vitamin D and calcium both play a significant role in bone mineralisation and preservation. It is involved in multiple cell cycle steps with deficiency or excess depending on multiple factors such as geological area, sun presentation and adequate intake. Its deficiency is a global issue with a prevalence of over one billion people, being more common in children of growing age. During the early phase of childhood, increased participation in sports competitions and the resulting skeletal under-mineralisation would result in a high fracture rate. 1,2 It has for some time been realised that extreme vitamin D inadequacy causes rickets, bone deformations and low bone mineralisation. 3 It also reduces muscle activity and can increase the risk of falls and fractures. The consequences of vitamin D on preserving bone health are comprehensive and well described at the cellular level and its role has become evident in the various metabolic stages of fracture healing. 4 Approximately 60% of males and 40% of females participants are estimated to experience childhood fractures. 1 Fracture of the supracondylar part of the Humerus is one of the most discussed and frequently experienced injuries (simply after lower arm fracture and clavicle) in children. The male prevalence