Bone Marrow, Blood Cells, and the Lymphoid/Lymphatic System

Boes, Katie M.; Durham, Amy C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35775-3.00013-8

Cited by 54 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…There was moderate to severe hyperplasia of splenic white pulp with activation of germinal centres of lymphoid follicles and increased number of antigen-presenting cells. Hyperplasia of macrophages in the red pulp has been described in chronic haemolytic diseases [ 22 ] and may result in the splenomegaly observed in the studied lambs. This splenic change is caused by the production of macrophages to destroy the infected erythrocytes [ 11 , 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaplasmosis Outbreak in Lambs: First Report Causing Carcass Condemnation

Lacasta

Ferrer

Sanz

et al. 2020

Animals

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In spring and summer 2020, six outbreaks of condemnation of jaundiced lamb carcasses were diagnosed in different farms in Aragón region, Spain. Anaplasma ovis was identified in all affected farms. Four hundred and ninety-two lambs from two affected farms were more closely examined. Clinical examination, haematologies, biochemistries, histopathology and microbiological and molecular analyses were performed. After slaughter, 34.84% of the lambs showed jaundiced carcasses and 79.64% presented splenomegaly at the abattoir. All tested lambs with icteric carcasses showed positive A. ovis PCR, although 72.72% of the unaffected lambs also tested positive. However, the bacterial load was significantly higher in the animals that showed jaundiced carcasses (Cq: 25.00 vs 26.16; p = 0.004). Moreover, all the tested lambs that showed severe anaemia were PCR positive. On the contrary, the PCR negative lambs did not show anaemia. Lambs that presented icteric carcasses displayed severe regenerative anaemia with significantly lower erythrocyte count (7.18 vs. 11.97), haematocrit (26.89 vs. 34.82) and haemoglobin (8.50 vs. 11.10) than unaffected lambs. Reticulocyte count (18.80 vs. 5.65) was also significantly increased in affected animals. This article describes a new disorder caused by Anaplasma ovis that is producing significant economic losses associated with the carcass condemnation of apparently healthy lamb.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaplasmosis Outbreak in Lambs: First Report Causing Carcass Condemnation

Lacasta

Ferrer

Sanz

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Erythroid and myeloid cells in the red pulp of the three species of fruit bats were very few indicating low extramedullary activities which are similar to other Chiropteran species, Vespertilio orientalis reported by Tanaka (). Extramedullary haematopoiesis in adults can generally occur in some conditions of infection, inflammation, severe anaemia and cancer (De Back, Kostova, Kraaij, Berg, & Bruggen, ; Boes & Durham, ; Bronte & Pittet, ). High extramedullary haematopoiesis is also normally found in Eulipotyphla and Rodentia spleen throughout their life which is characterized by the high number of erythroid and myeloid in the red pulp (Barthold, Griffey, & Percy, ; Cesta, ; Udroiu, ; Ward et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moles, pigs, cats and dogs have numerous and wide ellipsoids, while horses, cows and sheep have medium ellipsoids sizes (Bacha & Bacha, ; Blue & Weiss, ; Press & Landsverk, ; Snook, ). Ellipsoids have a strategic function as filtration of bloodborne pathogen as well as marginal zones (Blue & Weiss, ; Boes & Durham, ; Steiniger, ) and take a role as a major site of blood pathogen filtration in soft‐shelled turtles and chickens that do not possess a marginal zones (Bao, Li, Wang, Qin, & Xu, ; Zhang et al, ). A large number of ellipsoids in the fruit bats indicate that the central arteries branch out many capillaries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spleen morphophysiology of fruit bats

Hanadhita

Rahma

Prawira

et al. 2019

Anat Histol Embryol

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Spleen is one of the important lymphoid organs with wide variations of morphological and physiological functions according to species. Morphology and function of the spleen in bats, which are hosts to several viral strains without exhibiting clinical symptoms, remain to be fully elucidated. This study aims to examine the spleen morphology of fruit bats associated with their physiological functions. Spleen histological observations were performed in three fruit bats species: Cynopterus titthaecheilus (n = 9), Rousettus leschenaultii (n = 3) and Pteropus vampyrus (n = 3). The spleens of these fruit bats were surrounded by a thin capsule. Red pulp consisted of splenic cord and wide vascular space filled with blood. Ellipsoids in all three studied species were found numerously and adjacent to one another forming macrophages aggregates. White pulp consisted of periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS), lymphoid follicles and marginal zone. The lymphoid follicle contained a germinal centre and a tingible body macrophage that might reflect an active immune system. The marginal zone was prominent and well developed. This study reports some differences in spleen structure of fruit bats compared to other bat species previously reported and discusses possible physiological implications of the spleen based on its morphology. K E Y W O R D S flying foxes, histology, immunology, morphology, physiology, viral reservoir

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“…Lymphoma encompasses a heterogeneous group of neoplasias originating from lymphoid tissues that have variable clinical, morphological and prognostic presentations (Parodi 2001, Boes & Durham 2017. Bovine lymphoma has a particular anatomical classification that differs from that of other species of domestic mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and pathological aspects of bovine lymphoma affecting the spinal cord

et al. 2019

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Clinical and pathological features of bovine lymphoma involving the spinal cord were evaluated through a retrospective study of the necropsy database from 2005 to 2017. Thirty-four cases of bovine lymphoma were found, 24 of which had central nervous system involvement restricted to the spinal cord. All cattle were Holstein cows 2.5-12 years-old (median age, six years-old). The clinical course was 7-21 days, and the main neurological sign was pelvic limb paresis (81.8%). The lymphoma often affected the spinal cord in a multifocal manner. Lumbar segments were the mostly affected sites (23/24), followed by the sacral segments and cauda equina (20/24), cervical (5/24) and thoracic (5/24) segments. Tumors were in the epidural space, peripheral to the pachymeninges (extradural) and between layers of adipose tissue. In addition, two cases had progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia. Further organs affected included the lymph nodes (100%), abomasum (79.2%), heart (75%) and kidneys (45.8%). Microscopically, all lymphomas had a diffuse pattern, with no meningeal or medullar infiltration. According to the REAL/WHO classification, all these neoplasms were mature B-cell lymphomas. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was observed in 95.8% (23/24) of the cases. The following subtypes were observed in the DLBCL group in descending order: immunoblastic (60.9%, 14/23), centroblastic (26.1%, 6/23), anaplastic (8.7%, 2/23) and T-cell rich (4.3%, 1/23).

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Bone Marrow, Blood Cells, and the Lymphoid/Lymphatic System

Cited by 54 publications

References 35 publications

Anaplasmosis Outbreak in Lambs: First Report Causing Carcass Condemnation

Anaplasmosis Outbreak in Lambs: First Report Causing Carcass Condemnation

The spleen morphophysiology of fruit bats

Clinical and pathological aspects of bovine lymphoma affecting the spinal cord

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