Bone Mineral Content of Junior Competitive Weightlifters

Virvidakis, K.; Georgiou, Elisavet; Korkotsidis, A.; Ntalles, K.; Proukakis, C.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024800

Cited by 62 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In this regard, the BMD values presently reported for the lumbar spine and neck of the femur, with respect to age-and race-matched sedentary subjects, are among the highest ever reported. Indeed, similar BMD values have only been previously described in elite male weightlifters [14,19]. The osteogenic potential of physical activities requiring the performance of jumps in unusual directions is supported by other studies also [8,21,22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…High mechanical impact and weight-bearing activities seem more efficient in increasing BMC and BMD than exercise which does not involve impact loading [1][2][3]6,12,14]. Nevertheless, other authors have reported reduced trunk bone mass in professional ballet dancers who generally perform considerable weight-bearing and jumping exercise, although strenuous exercise in girls (particularly if associated with dieting and psychological anxiety) may lead to menstrual disorders and reduced bone mass, thus blunting the beneficial effect of exercise [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is widely accepted that mechanical load is essential for the maintenance of normal bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, the type, duration and intensity of exercise required to enhance bone formation in specific sites have yet to be clarified [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Bone Mineral Density in Male Elite Professional Volleyball Players

Calbet

Herrera

Rodríguez

1999

Osteoporosis International

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The aim of this study was to assess bone mass in male elite athletes participating in an impact loading sport (volleyball) and, in particular, to determine whether the asymmetric nature of this sport leads to differences in the skeletal tissue composition of the limbs. Fifteen male volleyball players (VP) (26 +/- 4 years, 192 +/- 6 cm, 87 +/- 9 kg; mean +/- SD) and 15 non-active control subjects (25 +/- 2 years, 177 +/- 8 cm, 72 +/- 11 kg; mean +/- SD) were studied. VP training sessions (3-6 days/week) included a variety of jumping and weightlifting exercises. The VP were taller and heavier than the control subjects (p<0.001). Whole-body bone mineral content (BMC) and lean mass were higher in VP after adjustment for body mass and height (p<0.001). Axial skeleton and limb BMC and bone mineral density (BMD) were higher in VP than in control subjects (p<0.05). Adjusted lumbar spine (L2-4) BMD was 14% higher in VP than in control subjects (p<0.05). Similarly, a much greater adjusted BMD was observed in the femoral neck of VP (24%, 20%, 27% and 20% for the femoral neck, intertrochanteric, greater trochanter and Ward's triangle subregions respectively; p<0.05). The dominant arm was slightly heavier (approximately 3%) and had 4% more muscle mass than the contralateral arm in both the VP (p<0.05) and control subjects (p<0.05). Greater BMC values (9%), BMD (7%) values and the area occupied by osseous pixels (5%) were recorded in the dominant arm as compared with the nondominant arm in VP (p<0.05). No differences between arms were observed in control subjects. Right and left leg BMC and BMD values were similar in control subjects while 4% higher BMC values were recorded for the left leg in the VP group (p<0.05). A close relationship between left leg muscle mass and BMD was observed in the femoral neck subregions of all the subjects (r = 0.81, 0.81, 0.78 and 0.79 for the femoral neck, intertrochanteric, greater trochanter and Ward's triangle subregions respectively; p<0.001; n = 30). These findings clearly demonstrate a considerably high BMC and BMD in professional volleyball players which seems to be related to the loading type of exercise they perform.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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High Bone Mineral Density in Male Elite Professional Volleyball Players

Calbet

Herrera

Rodríguez

1999

Osteoporosis International

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“…Virvidakis et al (1990) has provided evidence of increased mineralisation in the non-dominant forearm of competitive weight-lifters aged from 15-20 years.…”

Section: In Crease ¿ a C Tiv Itymentioning

confidence: 99%

456 the Response of Trabecular Bone to Physical Activity in Young Sedentary Males

Meerkin

Parker

1994

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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1A B STR A C T Bone is a dynamic tissue that is continuously undergoing cycles of resorption and formation throughout life. Factors known to effect this remodelling process include an individual's nutritional and hormonal status and physical activity and achievable bone density is dependent on the interaction between an individuals chosen lifestyle and genetic make-up. There is considerable evidence that physical activity may have a positive effect on bone mineral density through the effects of mechanical loading and local and systemic physiological mechanisms. Lack of a change in bone mineral density following exercise has also been found, and this discrepancy in the literature may reflect differences in the nature, intensity and duration of the exercise programs that have been used. The complexity of the interaction between lifestyle and genetic factors, age and site specific responses also makes interpretation of the literature difficult. It has been suggested that attainment of a high peak bone mass earlier in life may compensate for the normal loss of bone which occurs and accelerates with aging. Moderate intensity activity has been shown to have a positive effect in the development of skeletal mass in children.However, there is a paucity of prospective information on the effects of physical activity in early-adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a protocol of running training designed to increase cardiovascular fitness would effect changes in bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone metabolism of young sedentary males. This study was also designed to assess possible associations between cardiovascular fitness and anthropometric variables and BMD and BMC.Twenty-six sedentary males with an average age of 22.2 years volunteered to participate in this study. Sixteen of those chosen to participate undertook a 16 week program of progressive running training and as the exercise program progressed the running distance became longer and the intensity of the runs was increased. Ten males acted as the control group and did not participate in any organised program of physical activity. Physical activity diaries were kept by all experimental and control subjects in order to assess daily training histories of both formal and informal activity. A maximal exercise treadmill test 11 was conducted to assess the cardiovascular fitness of all subjects and establish the training intensities for the exercising subjects. Tests were conducted before commencement of the program, at 4 weekly intervals and immediately following the intervention period. Cumulative heart rates and time to exhaustion from the initial and final maximal treadmill test were used as indicators of a change in cardiovascular fitness over the 16 weeks. Bone mineral density and content was assessed at three sites on the proximal femur and in lumbar vertebrae 2 to 4 using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry . The biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption, namely serum osteocalcin and urinary hydroxyproline we...

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“…Research repeatedly shows that ground-based, large muscle group training, such as weightlifting exercises, squatting, and deadlifting, are beneficial in combating bone mineral density concerns [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should All Athletes Use Explosive Lifting?

Newton

Jenkins

2013

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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In this stimulus article, the question is addressed of whether or not the best way to train is explosively, like a weightlifter. Arguments in favour of explosive lifting are increased strength, increased power, hypertrophy, injury prevention, improved flexibility, improved inter-and intramuscular coordination, and sharpened psychological abilities. Arguments against explosive lifting are a complexity of technique, physical capabilities, initial flexibility challenges, initial strength deficiencies, lack of availability of good coaching, and lack of proper facilities, equipment and footwear.

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Bone Mineral Content of Junior Competitive Weightlifters

Cited by 62 publications

References 2 publications

High Bone Mineral Density in Male Elite Professional Volleyball Players

High Bone Mineral Density in Male Elite Professional Volleyball Players

456 the Response of Trabecular Bone to Physical Activity in Young Sedentary Males

Should All Athletes Use Explosive Lifting?

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