Bone quality in animal models of osteoporosis

Grynpas, Marc D.; Chachra, Debbie; Lundon, Katie

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2299(200003)49:3<146::aid-ddr5>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(127 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Even if the role of cancellous bone is primarily to transfer the hip joint load away from the joint and toward the cortical bone (Currey,2002) instead of load bearing per se, many studies indicate that it is best to consider the cortical and trabecular bone working synergistically to determine the mechanical properties of a whole bone or region of a bone. Loss of either tissue type (e.g., osteoporosis) will significantly alter the mechanical properties of the bone (Bohr and Schaadt,1985; Ito et al,1993; Rogers and LaBarbara,1993; Lotz et al,1995; Silva et al,1997; Ciarelli et al,2000; Grynpas et al,2000; Jordan et al,2003a,2003b; Riggs et al,2004; Mayhew et al,2005). In addition, if we look at primates and other mammals, it appears that we have yet to understand what mechanisms drive cortical bone structure in the femoral neck.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonhuman anthropoid primate femoral neck trabecular architecture and its relationship to locomotor mode

Fajardo

Müller

Ketcham

et al. 2007

The Anatomical Record

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Functional analyses of human and nonhuman anthropoid primate femoral neck structure have largely ignored the trabecular bone. We tested hypotheses regarding differences in the relative distribution and structural anisotropy of trabecular bone in the femoral neck of quadrupedal and climbing/suspensory anthropoids. We used high-resolution X-ray computed tomography to analyze quantitatively the femoral neck trabecular structure of Ateles geoffroyi, Symphalangus syndactylus, Alouatta seniculus, Colobus guereza, Macaca fascicularis, and Papio cynocephalus (n ¼ 46). We analyzed a size-scaled superior and inferior volume of interest (VOI) in the femoral neck. The ratio of the superior to inferior VOI bone volume fraction indicated that the distribution of trabecular bone was inferiorly skewed in most (but not all) quadrupeds and evenly distributed the climbing/suspensory species, but interspecific comparisons indicated that all taxa overlapped in these measurements. Degree of anisotropy values were generally higher in the inferior VOI of all species and the results for the two climbing/suspensory taxa, A. geoffroyi (1.71 6 0.30) and S. syndactylus (1.55 6 0.04), were similar to the results for the quadrupedal anthropoids, C. guereza (male ¼ 1.64 6 0.13; female ¼ 1.68 6 0.07) and P. cynocephalus (1.47 6 0.13). These results suggest strong trabecular architecture similarity across body sizes, anthropoid phylogenetic backgrounds, and locomotor mode. This structural similarity might be explained by greater similarity in anthropoid hip joint loading mechanics than previously considered. It is likely that our current models of anthropoid hip joint mechanics are overly simplistic. Anat Rec, 290:422-436, 2007. 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: locomotion; hip joint; cancellous bone; bone volume fraction; degree of anisotropy; microcomputed tomographyDebate exists over the functional significance of cortical bone structure (and distribution) in the human and nonhuman anthropoid femoral neck (Lovejoy, 1988;

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonhuman anthropoid primate femoral neck trabecular architecture and its relationship to locomotor mode

Fajardo

Müller

Ketcham

et al. 2007

The Anatomical Record

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…measurement of bone mineral density, histomorphometric analysis of bone architecture, and assessment of bone biomechanical qualities (bone strength) and biochemical markers of bone metabolism. The appropriateness of various small and large animal models for osteoporosis research has been previously reviewed (Bellino 2000;Grynpas et al 2000;Kimmel 1996;Mosekilde 1995;Newman et al 1995;Thompson et al 1995). A large species is required in addition to the rat because the rat skeleton undergoes modeling (change in size and shape) throughout life, a process that by definition involves uncoupled activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, whereas the larger species are considered to have a remodeling skeleton more similar to that of humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Therapies and Osteoporosis

Jerome¹

2004

ILAR Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Osteoporosis, now defined as a disease characterized by low bone mass and a microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enhanced bone fragility and fracture risk, is a major public health problem. Classic hormonal therapies to prevent and treat osteoporosis associated with menopause have recently been questioned due to the risk/benefit ratio of prolonged treatment. There is a critical need for safe and effective alternative therapeutics for this disease. Nonhuman primates have been used as models to assess bone changes associated with estrogen deficiency because their trabecular and cortical bone remodeling processes, monthly menstrual cycles, and reproductive-hormone patterns are similar to those of humans. The ovariectomized nonhuman primate has become the preferred model in which to study effects on bone remodeling, particularly with regard to bone mass, architecture, and strength, in fulfillment of studies required by international guidelines for the development of antiosteoporotic drugs. The nonhuman primate is amenable to several methodologies that assess bone quantity and quality, including dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), histology, static and dynamic histomorphometry, and biomechanical testing, as well as assays developed for clinical use, which serve as biomarkers of bone metabolic processes. The use of the nonhuman primate model in the assessment of osteoporosis therapeutics, both hormonal (sex steroids and their analogues, parathyroid hormone) and nonhormonal (bisphosphonates), has provided valuable information on the safety and efficacy as well as the mechanisms of bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency that is directly applicable to the human situation.

show abstract

“…The condition results in increased mortality and morbidity, particularly in postmenopausal women who suffer from hip and vertebral fractures. [1][2][3] Currently, the most effective agents for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis are bisphosphonates which are the structural analogues of inorganic pyrophosphates showing a selective activity on bone by having potent chemical affinities to hydroxyapatite, the main organic component of the bone. The use of alendronate sodium has been shown to increase bone mineral density and decrease fractures, particularly in vertebrae and hip, in osteoporotic patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats have shown that alendronate sodium has a clinical effect for the treatment and protection of postmenopausal osteoporosis, by increasing the bone mass and mechanical strength. [3] The most commonly used agents for osteoporosis are alendronate and risedronate: alendronate is more potent and selective, compared to other bisphosphonates, owing to its side chain of an amino acid group. [4] To date, several animal models have been used to study the bone loss.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of alendronate sodium on trabecular bone structure in an osteoporotic rat model

Ozsahin

Çam

Dere

et al. 2017

Turk J Phys Med Rehab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of alendronate sodium on trabecular bone structure in an osteoporotic rat model. Materials and methods:Between May 2006 and July 2006, 60 female Wistar Albino rats aged three months were randomly allocated to three groups: sham operated receiving no treatment (Shm); ovariectomized-alendronate receiving 1 mg/kg/day alendronate sodium (Ovx-A), and ovariectomized-vehicle receiving 1 mL/kg/day physiological saline (Ovx-PS). Both Ovx groups received treatment through gastric gavage for 56 days.Results: Densitometric measurements showed that bone mineral density decreased in the Ovx-PS and increased in Ovx-A groups (p<0.05). Biomechanical measurements showed a decrease in the breaking force in the Ovx-PS group and an increase in the Ovx-A group (p<0.05). Histomorphometric measurements showed that the Shm group had normal trabecular structure, while the Ovx-PS group had a less wellformed trabecular structure with a loss in the trabecular number and thickness and a corresponding increase in the trabecular spacing (p<0.05). In the Ovx-A group, there was an improvement in the trabecular structure with an increase in the trabecular number and thickness and a loss in the trabecular space (p<0.05). Conclusion:Our study results suggest that alendronate sodium is a valuable treatment agent for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

show abstract

Bone quality in animal models of osteoporosis

Cited by 16 publications

References 96 publications

Nonhuman anthropoid primate femoral neck trabecular architecture and its relationship to locomotor mode

Nonhuman anthropoid primate femoral neck trabecular architecture and its relationship to locomotor mode

Hormonal Therapies and Osteoporosis

The effect of alendronate sodium on trabecular bone structure in an osteoporotic rat model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About