Bone Regeneration Using a Mixture of Silicon-Substituted Coral HA and β-TCP in a Rat Calvarial Bone Defect Model

Abstract

The demand of bone graft materials has been increasing. Among various origins of bone graft materials, natural coral composed of up to 99% calcium carbonate was chosen and converted into hydroxyapatite (HA); silicon was then substituted into the HA. Then, the Si-HA was mixed with β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in the ratios 100:0 (S100T0), 70:30 (S70T30), 60:40 (S60T40), and 50:50 (S50T50). The materials were implanted for four and eight weeks in a rat calvarial bone defect model (8 mm). The MBCPTM (HA:β-TCP = 60:40, Biomatalante, Vigneux de Bretagne, France) was used as a control. After euthanasia, the bone tissue was analyzed by making histological slides. From the results, S60T40 showed the fastest bone regeneration in four weeks (p < 0.05). In addition, S60T40, S50T50, and MBCPTM showed significant new bone formation in eight weeks (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Si-HA/TCP showed potential as a bone graft material.

Histomorphometric and Radiographic Analysis of Biological Responses Following the Use of Pure Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite with Collagen

“…In our study, there was no significant difference between pure hydroxyapatite (HaP) and hydroxyapatite with collagen (HaCol) in relation to inflammatory response, biocompatibility, new bone formation, and the biodegradability of the material deployed in a critical defect in the calvaria of rats. In conjunction with previous reports about in vivo bone regeneration] the results of the present study have shown that the histological response could be used as a preliminary source of information regarding the biocompatibility and biodegradability of material implanted in the calvaria of rats [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…In our research we performed the design of the critical bone defect ('critical size defects') with a circle, as carried out on digital radiographs of rats' calvaria. The same and only observer analyzed the images, which had been used in the Kappa system of the histological analysis to distinguish the different radiographic scores -0, 1, and 2 [13].…”

The Silica‐based Formulations for Drug Delivery, Bone Treatment, and Bone Regeneration

“…The constant release of SiO 4 4− ions has implications for osteoblast‐like cell activities and cell proliferations. In another example, Roh et al 20 reported new bone graft materials as the mixtures of Si‐substituted coral HA and β ‐TCP that displayed superior osteogenic properties. The bone graft materials were prepared by converting the natural coral into HA.…”

“…Roh et al 20 implanted their bone graft materials in a rat calvarial bone defect model (8 mm) for four and eight weeks. After X‐ray and histological analyses of the bone tissue, it was revealed that the bone regeneration occurred between 4–8 weeks for all the Si‐HA/TCP materials used.…”

Bone Healing in Rabbit Calvaria Defects Using a Synthetic Bone Substitute: A Histological and Micro-CT Comparative Study

“…Among bioactive ceramics, β-TCP and hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) are frequently utilized in dental bone regenerative procedures [ 13 ]. Their composition is similar to that of natural bone, they are biocompatible and osteoconductive materials, can osseointegrate with the defect site, and due to their non-biologic origin, their use does not involve any risk of transmitting infections or diseases [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The degradation process of these biomaterials produces and releases ions that can create an alkaline environment that seems to enhance cell activity and accelerate bone reconstruction [ 13 ].…”