Bone Strength and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition as Endpoints in Chlorpyrifos Toxicity toFundulus heteroclitus

Karen, Daniel J.; Draughn, Robert A.; Fulton, Michael H.; Ross, Philippe

doi:10.1006/pest.1998.2345

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Although the observed twitching response may be due to direct activation of nerve cells, spinal defects may be the result of secondary responses to persistent activation of these cells by the toxin. Similar responses have been observed in the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus when exposed to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and in mammalian exposures to anthropogenic toxins such as pyrethroids and chlorinated hydrocarbons (Karen et al 1998;Ray 1991;Smith 1991). Products of both of these compounds are used commercially as insecticides.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity results in the constant activation of the acetylcholine receptor, which induces muscle cells to use cellular calcium to induce persistent contractions. The reallocation of calcium during development to muscular contraction can result in decreased bone integrity, which can in turn translate into spinal and cranial defects such as the curvatures observed in our medaka studies (Edmunds et al 1999;Karen et al 1998;Kimm-Brinson and Ramsdell 2001). Pyrethroids and chlorinated hydrocarbons are sodium channel toxins that elicit their effects as a secondary response to neuronal excitability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The type B brevetoxin (PbTx-3) adversely affects development, cardiovascular function, and survival in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos.

Colman

Ramsdell

2003

Environ Health Perspect

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Brevetoxins are produced by the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. The toxins are lipophilic polyether toxins that elicit a myriad of effects depending on the route of exposure and the target organism. Brevetoxins are therefore broadly toxic to marine and estuarine animals. By mimicking the maternal route of exposure to the oocytes in finfish, we characterized the adverse effects of the type B brevetoxin brevetoxin-3 (PbTx-3) on embryonic fish development and survival. The Japanese rice fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes), was used as the experimental model in which individual eggs were exposed via microinjection to various known concentrations of PbTx-3 dissolved in an oil vehicle. Embryos injected with doses exceeding 1.0 ng/egg displayed tachycardia, hyperkinetic twitches in the form of sustained convulsions, spinal curvature, clumping of the erythrocytes, and decreased hatching success. Furthermore, fish dosed with toxin were often unable to hatch in the classic tail-first fashion and emerged head first, which resulted in partial hatches and death. We determined that the LD 50 (dose that is lethal to 50% of the fish) for an injected dose of PbTx-3 is 4.0 ng/egg. The results of this study complement previous studies of the developmental toxicity of the type A brevetoxin brevetoxin-1 (PbTx-1), by illustrating in vivo the differing affinities of the two congeners for cardiac sodium channels. Consequently, we observed differing cardiovascular responses in the embryos, wherein embryos exposed to PbTx-3 exhibited persistent tachycardia, whereas embryos exposed to PbTx-1 displayed bradycardia, the onset of which was delayed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The type B brevetoxin (PbTx-3) adversely affects development, cardiovascular function, and survival in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos.

Colman

Ramsdell

2003

Environ Health Perspect

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“…It is reported that acetylcholinesterase activity was directly inhibited by organophosphates in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (Varò et al, 2003) and by carbamates in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Zinkl et al, 1987). The relationship between OP and/or CB exposure and AChE inhibition was also studied in several other fish species e mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) (Boone and Chambers, (Carr et al, 1997), mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) (Karen et al, 1998), and threespined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) (Sturm et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acetylcholinesterase activity in hosts (herring Clupea harengus) and parasites (Anisakis simplex larvae) from the southern Baltic

Podolska

Napierska

2006

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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This study compares the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of herring Clupea harengus infected with Anisakis simplex larvae and non-infected individuals caught in coastal waters of the southern Baltic. Acetylcholinesterase activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Generalized linear models were applied to analyse the dependence of AChE activity on the area of sampling and the biological parameters of fish and their parasites. The AChE activity of herring was higher in samples from the western and central coasts (regarded as “clean” waters) than in fish caught in the semi-enclosed areas of the Gulf of Gdańsk and Vistula Lagoon (regarded as “polluted” sites). The opposite relationship was noted in the activity of AChE extracted from A. simplex larvae. In male hosts, the parasitic AChE activity was markedly higher than in the females in all examined areas.

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“…Symptoms of OP-mediated AChE inhibition include behavioral symptom logy associated with continuous activation of muscarinic receptors at neuromuscular junctions, and may include tremors, muscle spasms, loss of coordination, lateral flexures (in fish), and paralysis (Karen et al, 1998). Acute toxicity can result in respiratory failure and death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hood River Monitoring and Evaluation Project, Annual Report 2002-2003.

Vaivoda¹

2004

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Bone Strength and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition as Endpoints in Chlorpyrifos Toxicity toFundulus heteroclitus

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

The type B brevetoxin (PbTx-3) adversely affects development, cardiovascular function, and survival in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos.

The type B brevetoxin (PbTx-3) adversely affects development, cardiovascular function, and survival in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos.

Acetylcholinesterase activity in hosts (herring Clupea harengus) and parasites (Anisakis simplex larvae) from the southern Baltic

Hood River Monitoring and Evaluation Project, Annual Report 2002-2003.

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