Bone tissue engineering using bone marrow stromal cells and an injectable sodium alginate/gelatin scaffold

Abstract

To investigate the potential application of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and an injectable sodium alginate/gelatin scaffold for bone tissue engineering (BTE). The phenotype of osteogenic BMSCs was examined by mineralized nodules formation and type I collagen expression. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. The biocompatibility of scaffold and osteogenic cells were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Ectopic bone formation as well as closure of rabbit calvarial critical-sized defects following scaffold-cell implantation were analyzed by histological examination and computed tomography (CT) scanning. Spindle-shaped osteogenic cells of high purity were derived from BMSCs. The osteogenic cells and sodium alginate/gelatin (2:3) scaffold presented fine biocompatibility following cross-linking with 0.6% of CaCl(2). After implantation, the scaffold-cell construct promoted both ectopic bone formation and bone healing in the rabbit calvarial critical-sized defect model. Our data demonstrated that the sodium alginate/gelatin scaffold could be a suitable biomaterial for bone engineering, and the scaffold-osteogenic cells construct is a promising alternative approach for the bone healing process.

Cell interactions between human progenitor-derived endothelial cells and human mesenchymal stem cells in a three-dimensional macroporous polysaccharide-based scaffold promote osteogenesis

“…They have great design flexibility, owing to their composition, and their structure can be tailored to a specific need [39]. Several studies on bone tissue engineering using polysaccharides such as alginate, carrageenan, chitosan, pullulan or cellulose [40][41][42][43][44][45] are in progress. These natural polymers hold promise for healing and regenerating damaged tissues, since they are highly permeable and facilitate the transport of nutrients and metabolites [46].…”

The regeneration and augmentation of bone with injectable osteogenic cell sheet in a rat critical fracture healing model

“…An alternative strategy to promote bony reconstruction is the implantation of tissue-engineered bone (TEB) developed from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). A recently described injectable, cell-based TEB provides a noninvasive solution in addition to the current treatment options [7][8][9] that have attracted considerable attention within the field of orthopaedics. However, the use of foreign biomaterial compounds often stimulates an immune response, leading to granulation tissue formation at injury sites and ultimately fibrous tissue in the place of bone [10].…”

The Use of Total Human Bone Marrow Fraction in a Direct Three-Dimensional Expansion Approach for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications: Focus on Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis

“…Owing to their composition and structure, they have inherent design flexibility and can thus be tailored to a specific need [38] such as the promotion of angiogenic events. The use of polysaccharides such as alginate, chitosan, pullulan or cellulose [39][40][41][42][43][44] has been extensively reported and numerous studies are in progress focusing on bone tissue engineering. These natural polymers hold promise as matrices for tissue regeneration strategies since they are highly permeable, facilitating the transport of nutrients and metabolites [45].…”