Bonsai genomics: sequencing the smallest eukaryotic genomes

McFadden, Geoffrey I.; Gilson, Paul R.; Douglas, Susan E.; Cavalier‐Smith, Thomas; Hofmann, Chr; Maier, Uwe‐G.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9525(97)01010-x

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A counterpoint to the conflict in alveolate enolases is found in the phylogenetic positions of Chlorarachnion and cryptomonad genes. Like apicomplexa, these two groups contain plastids of secondary endosymbiotic origin: the Chlorarachnion plastid is derived from a green alga and the cryptomonad plastid is derived from a red alga, but unlike apicomplexa, these two endosymbionts retain vestigial nuclei, or nucleomorphs (24). The characteristics of the Chlorarachnion and cryptomonad enolases are all consistent with their being encoded by the (host) nuclear genome in both cases.…”

Section: Lateral Transfer Of Enolase In Chlorarachnion Cryptomonadsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Enolase genes were characterized from multiple representatives of several groups of eukaryotes specifically related to either plants or apicomplexa: charophyte green algae, chlorophyte green algae, red algae (all related to land plants), and ciliates (related to apicomplexa). Enolase genes also were characterized from two other eukaryotic lineages that contain plastids of secondary endosymbiotic origin, Chlorarachnion and cryptomonads (24). A partial alignment of these and other enolases ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, cryptomonad and Chlorarachnion enolases have a moderate GϩC content and contain numerous, large spliceosomal introns, exactly as one would expect of host nuclear genes (39,40). Conversely, nucleomorph genes from both groups typically are highly AϩT-rich, cryptomonad nucleomorph genes contain few introns, and Chlorarachnion nucleomorph genes contain distinctive 18-, 19-, or 20-bp introns (24). Yet, in enolase phylogeny, Chlorarachnion and cryptomonad genes branch with the green and red algae, respectively, exactly where one would expect genes from their endosymbionts to branch.…”

Section: Lateral Transfer Of Enolase In Chlorarachnion Cryptomonadsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Lateral transfer at the gene and subgenic levels in the evolution of eukaryotic enolase

Keeling

Palmer

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Enolase genes from land plants and apicomplexa (intracellular parasites, including the malarial parasite, Plasmodium) share two short insertions. This observation has led to the suggestion that the apicomplexan enolase is the product of a lateral transfer event involving the algal endosymbiont from which the apicomplexan plastid is derived. We have examined enolases from a wide variety of algae, as well as ciliates (close relatives of apicomplexa), to determine whether lateral transfer can account for the origin of the apicomplexan enolase. We find that lateral gene transfer, likely occurring intracellularly between endosymbiont and host nucleus, does account for the evolution of cryptomonad and chlorarachniophyte algal enolases but fails to explain the apicomplexan enolase. This failure is because the phylogenetic distribution of the insertions-which we find in apicomplexa, ciliates, land plants, and charophyte green algae-directly conflicts with the phylogeny of the gene itself. Protein insertions have traditionally been treated as reliable markers of evolutionary events; however, these enolase insertions do not seem to reflect accurately the evolutionary history of the molecule. The lack of congruence between insertions and phylogeny could be because of the parallel loss of both insertions in two or more lineages, or what is more likely, because the insertions were transmitted between distantly related genes by lateral transfer and fine-scale recombination, resulting in a mosaic gene. This latter process would be difficult to detect without such insertions to act as markers, and such mosaic genes could blur the ''tree of life'' beyond the extent to which wholegene lateral transfer is already known to confound evolutionary reconstruction.phylogeny ͉ protein insertions ͉ apicomplexa ͉ recombination

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Section: Lateral Transfer Of Enolase In Chlorarachnion Cryptomonadsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lateral Transfer Of Enolase In Chlorarachnion Cryptomonadsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Lateral transfer at the gene and subgenic levels in the evolution of eukaryotic enolase

Keeling

Palmer

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Morphologically, their fine-structure is consistent with a secondary endosymbiotic origin (Gillott & Gibbs, 1980;Gibbs, 1981). Yet they are notable among chromophyte algae in that they retain a vestigial nucleus, the nucleomorph (Greenwood et al, 1977;Gillott & Gibbs, 1980;McFadden et al, 1997), that appears to be derived from an ancestral red algal endosymbiont (Douglas et al, 1991;Cavalier-Smith et al, 1996). As such, they have been the subject of extensive research into their evolutionary origins (Cavalier-Smith et al,1996;Deane et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fe-responsive accumulation of redox proteins ferredoxin and flavodoxin in a marine cryptomonad

Yakunin

McKay

2004

European Journal of Phycology

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Fe deficiency has been documented in diverse marine environments ranging from pelagic high-nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions to coastal systems. Detection of specific Fe-responsive proteins in phytoplankton has provided a sensitive approach to assessing Fe deficiency in natural waters. Here, we report on the development and applicability of taxon-specific polyclonal antisera to monitor the accumulation of two such Fe-responsive proteins, flavodoxin and ferredoxin (Fd) in cryptomonad algae. Reactivity of these immunoreagents was limited primarily to cryptomonads. Anti-Fd cross-reacted with a broad spectrum of both marine and freshwater cryptophytes whereas anti-flavodoxin recognized only flavodoxin from Rhodomonas lens. Assessment of Fd and flavodoxin accumulation in R. lens grown under various levels of Fe demonstrated an apparent uncoupling of flavodoxin expression from physiological Fe deficiency in this species. It appears that flavodoxin accumulates in response to external Fe availability as supported by results of a chelator addition experiment which demonstrated rapid accumulation of flavodoxin in Fe-replete cells of R. lens without concomitant physiological deficit following addition of the fungal siderophore desferrioxamine B.

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“…Despite their separate origins, nucleomorphs of both groups contain three small chromosomes each encoding rRNA (7,12). These two natural experiments in eukaryotic genome miniaturization potentially offer important insights into many basic features of nuclear genome organization and function (13). Comparisons of their gene complement, architecture, and expression with each other, and with the much larger genomes of other eukaryotes, also will provide fascinating insights into the evolution of these complex cells, including the raison d'être for the nucleomorph in only two of the groups of organisms that acquired their plastids by secondary endosymbiosis (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast protein and centrosomal genes, a tRNA intron, and odd telomeres in an unusually compact eukaryotic genome, the cryptomonad nucleomorph

Zauner

Fraunholz

Wastl

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Bonsai genomics: sequencing the smallest eukaryotic genomes

Cited by 58 publications

References 13 publications

Lateral transfer at the gene and subgenic levels in the evolution of eukaryotic enolase

Lateral transfer at the gene and subgenic levels in the evolution of eukaryotic enolase

Fe-responsive accumulation of redox proteins ferredoxin and flavodoxin in a marine cryptomonad

Chloroplast protein and centrosomal genes, a tRNA intron, and odd telomeres in an unusually compact eukaryotic genome, the cryptomonad nucleomorph

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