Bony Landmarks for Determining the Mechanical Axis of the Femur in the Sagittal Plane during Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract

BackgroundThere is no accepted landmark for the mechanical axis of the femoral axis in sagittal plane in conventional total knee arthroplasty.MethodsAs palpable anatomic landmarks of the femur, lateral epicondyle, and anterior margin of the greater trochanter were identified. The line connecting these two landmarks was defined as the "palpable sagittal axis". The mechanical axis of the femur was compared with the palpable sagittal axis and the distal femoral anterior cortex axis. These axes were also compared with sagittal bowing of the femur.ResultsThe distal femoral anterior cortex axis and the palpable sagittal axis were flexed by 4.1° and 2.4° more than the sagittal mechanical axes, respectively (p < 0.05). However, the palpable sagittal axis was not correlated with sagittal bowing of the femur (Spearman's rs, 0.17; p = 0.14).ConclusionsThe palpable sagittal axis showed a consistent relationship with the sagittal mechanical femoral axes regardless of the severity of the sagittal bowing of the femur.

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Small differences between anatomical and mechanical sagittal femur axes: a radiological and navigated study of 50 patients

“…This statement confirms other studies. Seo et al [8] observed a mean 4°dif-ference between the mechanical axis and distal cortical axis of the femur. Chung et al [3] observed that differences ranged between 0°and 4°between four different axes.…”