“…The same is true for some other words and linguistic features, such as exclamation marks (Burger, Henderson, Kim, & Zarrella, 2011;Volkova & Yarowsky, 2014). More generally, there are gender differences in the extent to which sentiment is expressed in the social web (Bagić Babac & Podobnik, 2016;Rangel & Rosso, 2016;Thelwall, Wilkinson, & Uppal, 2010;Volkova & Yoram, 2015), perhaps echoing common stylistic differences (e.g., Koppel, Argamon, & Shimoni, 2002;Thelwall, 2016). It is not clear whether the differences are at the sentiment level or the linguistic levels, however, because the differences could be stylistic or substantive.…”