Boolean Logic Gate Operation in Bacteriorhodopsin of Purple Membrane Based on a Molten Globule‐like State

Abstract

Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) of purple membrane (PM) has increasing technical interests, particularly in photonic devices and bioelectronics. The present work has concerned with monitoring the temperature dependence of passive electric responses in‐plane and out‐of‐plane of the membranes. Based on thermal properties observed orthogonally here for PM, a high‐temperature intermediate of bR has been suggested to populate at around 60 °C, which may be ascribed to a molten globule‐like state. This intermediate has been found to be enclosed between two reversible thermal transitions for PM. Large‐scale turnover in the energy of activation, for these two thermal transitions, occurs steeply at such state at 60 °C, above which does bR reverse the sign of dielectric anisotropy (i.e. crossover) provided the operating frequency should be above the crossover frequency, at which the reversal occurs. No such crossover was found to occur below the crossover frequency, even above the crossover temperature (i.e. 60 °C). Likewise, no such crossover was found to occur below the crossover temperature, even above the crossover frequency. Relying on this reasoning, a logic gate operation may be declared implicating bR for bioelectronics and sense technological relevance. In addition, the results specify “dual frequency” as well as “dual temperature” characteristics to bacteriorhodopsin.