Boostering antitoxic diphtheria immunity in adults

Second diphtheria booster in adults raises immunity to 92%

“…Nicolay et al found figures of 5% and 3%, respectively,2 and in the study of Hasselhorn et al 6% of the subjects did not obtain protection after one booster vaccination 3. Björkholm et al studied various doses of diphtheria toxoid and found that 29% to 14% of the subjects were not fully protected after one booster dose 4…”

Effect of a Diphtheria Booster Vaccination in Adults with a Documented History of an Incomplete Primary Series Vaccination

“…Diphtheria protection was defined according to international conventions [3,14,15]: Diphtheria antitoxin levels (AT) < 0.01 IU/ml = "no protection", 0.01 to < 0.1 IU/ml = "basic" or "limited" protection, 0.1 IU/ml = "full protection.". AT levels above 1.0 IU/ml were considerd to provide long-term protection [6,9,14].…”

Referral of Dr Peter Mansfield to the GMC

“…Studies in the past 10 years across the range of medical emergencies have shown better care in terms of process and outcome for asthma, 3 gastrointestinal haemorrhage, 4 ischaemic heart disease, 5 stroke, and rehabilitation in acutely ill elderly patients. Delay in implementing optimal management in such conditions can affect outcome.…”

“…A series of papers has shown that this practice is feasible, acceptable, and practical for patients with neurological symptoms admitted to hospital. [2][3][4] We have shown that most of these patients-who make up a fifth of all medical admissions 5 -can be managed perfectly adequately in their local hospital with specialist advice. Of 230 consecutive patients seen by telemedicine, only seven had to be transferred to the regional neurology unit.…”

“…[2][3][4][5] For example, Zelop et al found that induction with oxytocin was associated with a 4.6-fold increase in uterine rupture, and augmentation with a 2.3-fold increase. 4 Because it is reasonable to assume that a good portion of the "inductions without prostaglandins" in the study reported by Josefson involved oxytocics, oxytocin induction and augmentation may be implicated.…”