Boosting Li/Na storage performance of graphite by defect engineering

Abstract

The structural defects of ball-milled graphite (BMG) mainly exist as carbon atom vacancies within the graphene structure, which are proven to be the main source of lithium/sodium storage performance promotion of BMGs.

Defect engineering in carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage and catalytic conversion

“…Zhou et al 194 proposed that the carbon vacancy is beneficial to Li storage, and the isolated carbon vacancy in bilayer graphene can capture three Li ions between two graphene sheets. Ou et al 25 introduced…”

“…Zhou et al 191 proposed that the carbon vacancy is beneficial to Li storage, and the isolated carbon vacancy in bilayer graphene can capture three Li ions between two graphene sheets. Ou et al 25 introduced carbon vacancy defects on graphene (BMG) substrates using mechanical ball milling, and the milling time was controlled to tailor the vacancy density (Fig. 7a).…”

“…[22][23][24] Encouragingly, defect engineering can provide plentiful catalytic sites for electrochemical redox reactions and is considered to be one of the most promising strategies for carbon material modification. [25][26][27] The term ''defect'' tends to have a negative connotation, meaning something lacking or imperfect in a material. However, with the deepening of research, the impact of defects on material properties has gradually been understood by researchers, and this impact may bring great changes.…”

“…22–24 Encouragingly, defect engineering can provide plentiful catalytic sites for electrochemical redox reactions and is considered to be one of the most promising strategies for carbon material modification. 25–27…”

A facile synthesis of CuSe nanosheets for high-performance sodium-ion hybrid capacitors

“…Hence, it is urgent to develop other alternative energy storage devices. [5][6][7][8] Among the many candidates, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), with similar storage principles and cell congurations to LIBs, have attracted widespread attention because of their abundance and low price. [9][10][11][12][13] Traditional Li + electrode materials cannot be directly applied to Na + batteries owing to their higher potential and larger ionic radius of Na + than those of Li + .…”