Boosting runtime-performance of photon pencil beam algorithms for radiotherapy treatment planning

Siggel, Martin; Ziegenhein, Peter; Nill, Simeon; Oelfke, Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2011.10.004

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Inverse treatment planning for a cranial case was performed with the clinically approved in‐house photon dose calculation module PDC++ in combination with the inverse planning system KonRad . The intensity‐modulated radiation treatment plan comprised seven coplanar beams with gantry angles 0

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dose calculation times lie in the range of a reference computer processing unit (CPU)‐based implementation using C++ code . Although using highly vectorized code and reducing the number of for loops to a minimum, there is inevitably a trade‐off between speed and flexibility when comparing run times of an interpreted programming languages to highly optimized implementations . Total run times for photons and (charged particles including biological optimization for carbon ions) are in the range of 145–1260 s (63–993 s) for dose calculation and fluence optimization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a. Photons: Base data for the photon dose calculation algorithm are obtained from the clinically approved photon dose calculation engine PDC++ and describes the decomposed lateral scattering kernels and depth dose components as detailed in Ref. for a 6 MV linear accelerator for multiple source to surface distances (SSDs).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For charged particles, there is an additional inner loop responsible for calculating the dose deposition of multiple pencil beams per ray . matRad performs an exact calculation of the radiological depth for the entire irradiated volume using a ray tracing algorithm as described previously . Geometrical distances from the virtual radiation source and lateral distances to the central ray are computed by standard matrix vector algebra.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the open-source dose calculation and optimization toolkit matRad

et al. 2017

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Purpose: We report on the development of the open-source cross-platform radiation treatment planning toolkit matRad and its comparison against validated treatment planning systems. The toolkit enables three-dimensional intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment planning for photons, scanned protons and scanned carbon ions. Methods: matRad is entirely written in Matlab and is freely available online. It re-implements wellestablished algorithms employing a modular and sequential software design to model the entire treatment planning workflow. It comprises core functionalities to import DICOM data, to calculate and optimize dose as well as a graphical user interface for visualization. matRad dose calculation algorithms (for carbon ions this also includes the computation of the relative biological effect) are compared against dose calculation results originating from clinically approved treatment planning systems. Results: We observe three-dimensional c-analysis pass rates ≥ 99.67% for all three radiation modalities utilizing a distance to agreement of 2 mm and a dose difference criterion of 2%. The computational efficiency of matRad is evaluated in a treatment planning study considering three different treatment scenarios for every radiation modality. For photons, we measure total run times of 145 s-1260 s for dose calculation and fluence optimization combined considering 4-72 beam orientations and 2608-13597 beamlets. For charged particles, we measure total run times of 63 s-993 s for dose calculation and fluence optimization combined considering 9963-45574 pencil beams. Using a CT and dose grid resolution of 0.3 cm 3 requires a memory consumption of 1.59 GB-9.07 GB and 0.29 GB-17.94 GB for photons and charged particles, respectively. Conclusion: The dosimetric accuracy, computational performance and open-source character of matRad encourages a future application of matRad for both educational and research purposes.

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^{\circ}

, 52

^{\circ}

, 103

^{\circ}

, 154

^{\circ}

, 206

^{\circ}

, 257

^{\circ}

, and 309

^{\circ}

.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of the open-source dose calculation and optimization toolkit matRad

et al. 2017

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show abstract

“…Even a more recent implementation on modern parallel hardware architectures (Siggel et al 2012) still fails to provide the required calculation speed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive dose shaping part 1: a new paradigm for IMRT treatment planning

Ziegenhein

Kamerling²,

Oelfke³

2016

Phys. Med. Biol.

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In this work we present a novel treatment planning technique called interactive dose shaping (IDS) to be employed for the optimization of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). IDS does not rely on a Newton-based optimization algorithm which is driven by an objective function formed of dose volume constraints on pre-segmented volumes of interest (VOIs). Our new planning technique allows for direct, interactive adaptation of localized planning features. This is realized by a dose modification and recovery (DMR) planning engine which implements a two-step approach: firstly, the desired localized plan adaptation is imposed on the current plan (modification) while secondly inevitable, undesired disturbances of the dose pattern elsewhere are compensated for automatically by the recovery module. Together with an ultra-fast dose update calculation method the DMR engine has been implemented in a newly designed 3D therapy planning system Dynaplan enabling true real-time interactive therapy planning. Here we present the underlying strategy and algorithms of the DMR based planning concept. The functionality of the IDS planning approach is demonstrated for a phantom geometry of clinical resolution and size.

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Treatment planning with a 2.5 MV photon beam for radiation therapy

Khaledi

Hayes

Belshaw

et al. 2022

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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Purpose The shallow depth of maximum dose and higher dose fall‐off gradient of a 2.5 MV beam along the central axis that is available for imaging on linear accelerators is investigated for treatment of shallow tumors and sparing the organs at risk (OARs) beyond it. In addition, the 2.5 MV beam has an energy bridging the gap between kilo‐voltage (kV) and mega‐voltage (MV) beams for applications of dose enhancement with high atomic number (Z) nanoparticles. Methods We have commissioned and utilized a MATLAB‐based, open‐source treatment planning software (TPS), matRad, for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dose calculations. Treatment plans for prostate, liver, and head and neck (H&N), nasal cavity, two orbit cases, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were performed and compared to a conventional 6 MV beam. Additional Monte Carlo calculations were also used for benchmarking the central axis dose. Results Both beams had similar planning target volume (PTV) dose coverage for all cases. However, the 2.5 MV beam deposited 6%–19% less integral doses to the nasal cavity, orbit, and GBM cases than 6 MV photons. The mean dose to the heart in the liver plan was 10.5% lower for 2.5 MV beam. The difference between the doses to OARs of H&N for two beams was under 3%. Brain mean dose, brainstem, and optic chiasm max doses were, respectively, 7.5%–14.9%, 2.2%–8.1%, and 2.5%–19.0% lower for the 2.5 MV beam in the nasal cavity, orbit, and GBM plans. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the 2.5 MV beam can produce clinically relevant treatment plans, motivating future efforts for design of single‐energy LINACs. Such a machine will be capable of producing beams at this energy beneficial for low‐ and middle‐income countries, and investigations on dose enhancement from high‐Z nanoparticles.

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Boosting runtime-performance of photon pencil beam algorithms for radiotherapy treatment planning

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Development of the open-source dose calculation and optimization toolkit matRad

Development of the open-source dose calculation and optimization toolkit matRad

Interactive dose shaping part 1: a new paradigm for IMRT treatment planning

Treatment planning with a 2.5 MV photon beam for radiation therapy

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