Boosting the Sodiation Capability and Stability of FeP by In Situ Anchoring on the Graphene Conductive Framework

Abstract

Metal phosphides (MPs) have emerged as a new class of high‐capacity and low‐cost anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). In order to buffer the volume change during the sodiation process and improve the conductivity, we synthesized a porous composite made of FeP nanoparticles uniformly anchored on 3D reduced graphene oxide structure (FeP@rGO) by a low‐temperature chemical solution deposition method with subsequent phosphorization and thermal reduction processes. Electrochemical characterization indicated that the FeP@rGO composite nanostructured anode delivers an attractive reversible capacity up to 366.6 mAh g−1 with superior cycling stability (388.8 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles) and high Coulombic efficiency (>99%), which is among the previously reported high performance transition MPs‐based SIBs anode materials.

Facile Synthesis of Hierarchical Iron Phosphide/Biomass Carbon Composites for Binder‐Free Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…The IPs/BC electrode delivers a slight decay with reversible capacity of 197 mAh g −1 after 500 cycles, accompanying with the coulombic efficiency of 99.54 %. Such stable cycling capability at high current density is superior to most of previously reported iron phosphides based anode materials for sodium ion batteries ,,,…”

Advances in metal phosphides for sodium‐ion batteries

“…To solve the above problems, rational design of the microstructure of FeP x and introduction of conductive carbonaceous materials has been proved to be effective 59,75 . For example, Han et al 66 carried out a nanoconfinement reaction to prepare a mesoporous framework of amorphous FeP coated by a carbon layer that was further attached to carbon nanotubes (CNT@FeP@C, as shown in Figure 7A).…”

“…When evaluated in SIBs, it showed improved electrochemical performance with an excellent Na storage ability (i.e., 415 mA h g –1 at 100 mA g –1 after 100 cycles, as shown in Figure 7B) and a great rate capability (i.e., 391, 342, 313, 296, and 268 mA h g –1 at 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.5 A g –1 , respectively, as shown in Figure 7C). Jiang et al 75 applied a simple low‐temperature chemical deposition method coupled with the phosphorization and reduction processes to prepare FeP nanoparticles (<100 nm) attached onto 3D porous rGO matrix (FeP@rGO). The porous structures promoted the ion diffusion, and the presence of rGO improved the electrical conductivity.…”

“…59 To solve the above problems, rational design of the microstructure of FeP x and introduction of conductive carbonaceous materials has been proved to be effective. 59,75 For example, Han et al 66 carried out a nanoconfinement reaction to prepare a mesoporous framework of amorphous FeP coated by a carbon layer that was further attached to carbon nanotubes (CNT@FeP@C, as shown in Figure 7A). The amorphous FeP was intrinsically isotropic in nature without any framework, which could reduce volume expansion and release volume strains to improve the structural stability during the reversible insertion/extraction of Na + .…”

Yolk‐Shell Sb2S3@C Hollow Microspheres with Controllable Interiors for High Space Utilization and Structural Stability of Na‐Storage

“…Under this background, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as promising candidates to replace LIBs because of the similar electrochemical properties of sodium and lithium, the much higher abundance of Na element on the earth as well as lower price of Na-related materials as compared to the Li counterparts. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Hard carbon is currently the first choice for anode material of SIBs due to its relatively wide interlayer space enabling reversible intercalation/deintercalation of Na + and relatively low working potential (lower than 2.0 V vs. Na + /Na). However, its practical capacity (usually less than 250 mAh g À 1 ) is still unsatisfactory.…”