Bor als physiologisch entscheidendes Element

Schmucker, Theodor

doi:10.1007/bf01494925

Cited by 21 publications

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“…A role for B in the cell wall of plants has long been predicted on the basis of several historical observations and broad interpretations of anatomical observations under B deficiency (Schmucker, 1932 [125] ; Loomis and Durst, 1992 [81] ). Boron is essential for organisms with carbohydrate-rich cell walls (Lewis, 1980 [78] ; Loomis and Durst, 1992 [81] ), and symptoms of B deficiency include the cessation of growth of apical meristems (both shoots and roots) and the development of brittleness of leaves which has been ascribed to an inhibition of cell wall synthesis or structural integrity (Loomis and Durst, 1992 [81] ; Goldbach, 1997 [47] ).…”

Section: The Role Of Boron In Cell Wall Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Boron in Plant Biology

et al. 2002

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The interest of biologists in boron (B) has largely been focused on its role in plants for which B was established as essential in 1923 (Warington, 1923[296]). Evidence that B has a biological role in other organisms was first indicated by the establishment of essentiality of B for diatoms (Smyth and Dugger, 1981[296]) and cyanobacteria (Bonilla et al., 1990[296]; Garcia‐Gonzalez et al., 1991[296]; Bonilla et al., 1997[296]). Recently, B was shown to stimulate growth in yeast (Bennett et al., 1999[296]) and to be essential for zebrafish (Danio rerio) (Eckhert and Rowe, 1999[296]; Rowe and Eckhert, 1999[296]) and possibly for trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Eckhert, 1998[296]; Rowe et al., 1998[296]), frogs (Xenopus laevis) (Fort et al., 1998[296]) and mouse (Lanoue et al., 2000[296]). There is also preliminary evidence to suggest that B has at least a beneficial role in humans (Nielsen, 2000[296]). While research into the role of B in plants has been ongoing for 80 years it has only been in the past 5 years that the first function of B in plants has been defined. Boron is now known to be essential for cell wall structure and function, likely through its role as a stabilizer of the cell wall pectic network and subsequent regulation of cell wall pore size. A role for B in plant cell walls, however, is inadequate to explain all of the effects of B deficiency seen in plants. The suggestion that B plays a broader role in biology is supported by the discovery that B is essential for animals where a cellulose‐rich cell wall is not present. Careful consideration of the physical and chemical properties of B in biological systems, and of the experimental data from both plants and animals suggests that B plays a critical role in membrane structure and hence function. Verification of B association with membranes would represent an important advance in modern biology. For several decades there has been uncertainty as to the mechanisms of B uptake and transport within plants. This uncertainty has been driven by a lack of adequate methodology to measure membrane fluxes of B at physiologically relevant concentrations. Recent experimentation provides the first direct measurement of membrane permeability of B and illustrates that passive B permeation contributes sufficient B at adequate levels of B supply, but would be inadequate at conditions of marginal B supply. The hypothesis that an active, carrier mediated process is involved in B uptake at low B supply is supported by research demonstrating that B uptake can be stimulated by B deprivation, that uptake rates follow a Michaelis‐Menton kinetics, and can be inhibited by application of metabolic inhibitors. Since the mechanisms of element uptake are generally conserved between species, an understanding of the processes of B uptake is relevant to studies in both plants and animals. The study of B in plant biology has progressed markedly in the last decade and we are clearly on the cusp of additional, significant discoveries. Research in this field will be greatly stimulat...

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Section: The Role Of Boron In Cell Wall Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Boron in Plant Biology

et al. 2002

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“…The stimulating effect of boron on pollen germination and pollen tube growth was discovered by Schmucker [25]. He observed that Nymphaea species pollen hardly germinated in glucose, but satisfactory germination could be obtained by supplementing the sugar medium with stigmatic extract, which was shown to contain appreciable quantities of boron.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Sucrose and Boric Acid on in-vitro Pollen Germination of Guava (Psidium guajava) Varieties

Sarkar

Vangaru

2018

AIR

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The Premise of Research: To reproduce, higher plants utilize a unique multicellular microorganism: The male gametophyte, or pollen grain. It is known fact that pollen has a strong impact on physical and biochemical quality of fruit. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth are prerequisites for fertilization and seed development. Information about pollen germination will be helpful in the production of hybrids, which is an important step in a breeding program. In guava, such work on the pollen growth under the in-vitro condition is not clearly reported. So the aim of the study is to find the suitable media for in-vitro pollen germination of guava. Methodology: We used four different concentrations of sucrose and boric acid like 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% and 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 g/l respectively. Using a brush, we evenly distributed the pollen over the culture medium in order to achieve the most homogeneous distribution of the material possible.

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“…Schmucker (1932) was one of the earlier investigators to report the several interesting effects resulting from the omission of boron from the artificial medium for germinating pollen: (1) the number of pollen grains that germinated was reduced; (2) pollen tubes that did form were short and malformed; and (3) a high proportion of the pollen tubes burst. Schmucker proposed that the ability of boron to complex with the hydroxyl-rich compounds of the pollen tube wall (cellulose and pectic materials) in some way regulated the synthesis of wall materials in the growth of pollen tubes.…”

Section: Pollen Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron

Lovatt

Dugger

1984

Biochemistry of the Essential Ultratrace Elements

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Boron is the only nonmetal in a family otherwise comprised of active metals, Group IlIA of the periodic table. As expected, boron exhibits bonding and structural characteristics intermediate to both. Like carbon (atomic number 6), boron (atomic number 5) has a tendency to form double bonds and macromolecules. In addition, there are several features that are more or less unique to boron and this group of elements. These include electron-deficient molecules (such as boron trifluoride) and bridge bonds (such as those in diborane, B2H6)' These tendencies have formed the basis for the many hypotheses attempting to predict the mode of action of boron as a nutrient essential to the metabolism of vascular plants (Section 17.2.1), as a toxicant to animals (Section 17.1.5), and for achieving boron accumulation in cancer cells (Section 17.1.8).In this chapter the biochemistry of boron is reviewed predominantly in vascular plants. The discussion is organized around those metabolic processes that boron nutrition repeatedly has been shown to influence: carbohydrate metabolism, hormone action, membrane structure and function, and nucleic acid biosynthesis.17.1.

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Bor als physiologisch entscheidendes Element

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Boron in Plant Biology

Boron in Plant Biology

Effect of Sucrose and Boric Acid on in-vitro Pollen Germination of Guava (Psidium guajava) Varieties

Boron

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