Borassus flabellifer L. crude male flower extracts alleviate cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney cells

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effects of Borassus flabellifer L. extracts on antioxidant activity, maintenance of cellular redox, and mitochondrial function in cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Methods: The extracts of Borassus flabellifer were obtained from crude male flowers using ethyl acetate and methanol. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and ferric reducing antioxidant power, and total phenolic content was also determined. Cytoprotective activity of ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts was assessed after kidney cells were treated with cisplatin. Oxidative stress was determined by glutathione (GSH) assay, and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) using 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and JC-10 assays, respectively. Results: Borassus flabellifer methanolic extract exhibited greater antioxidant activity than the ethyl acetate extract. Cytoprotective effect was demonstrated in both extracts, particularly in the ethyl acetate extract. The extracts showed protection against the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin by prevention of the increased GSSG and declined GSH/GSSG ratio. Both extracts also prevented the increase in ROS formation, and loss of ΔΨm. Conclusions: Both Borassus flabellifer extracts show antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effect against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity of NRK-52E cells by preventing oxidative stress and maintenance of GSH redox status. Borassus flabellifer extracts may possess beneficial effects on the prevention of oxidative stress- induced cell injury.

Hydrogel Containing Borassus flabellifer L. Male Flower Extract for Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity

“…The total phenolic content in plant extracts of B. flabellifer male flower ethanolic extract depends on the polarity of solvent used for extraction [ 15 ]. Tusskorn et al reported that B. flabellifer flowers extracted with methanol and ethyl acetate had phenolic contents of 159.3 ± 0.3 and 90.0 ± 0.0 mg GAE/g extract, respectively [ 16 ]. The results suggested that the total phenolic content in B. flabellifer male flower’s ethanolic extract was significantly greater than the extracts from methanol and ethyl acetate.…”

“…The DPPH scavenging activities of B. flabellifer male flower extracted by different types of solvents have been reported. Tusskorn et al showed that the male flower of B. flabellifer extracted by ethyl acetate and chloroform had the IC 50 values of 287.03 ± 6.90 and >1000 µg/mL, respectively [ 16 ]. Kavatagimath et al reported that the B. flabellifer male flower extracted by 95% ethanol and butylated hydroxytoluene had the IC 50 values of 460 and 419 µg/mL, respectively [ 18 ].…”

“…The results indicated that the potency of antioxidants to scavenge ABTS radical was in the following order: Gallic acid > EGCG > quercetin > ascorbyl glucoside > B. flabellifer male flower extract ( Figure 7 B). The IC 50 values of B. flabellifer male flower methanolic and ethyl acetate extract, determined by the ABTS free radical scavenging assay, were 10.82 ± 0.78 and 462.92 ± 25.70 µg/mL, respectively [ 16 ]. These results suggested that the B. flabellifer male flower extracted in this study yielded higher antioxidant activity compared with the previous report.…”

Harmine mitigates cisplatin-induced renal injury in male mice through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects

“…Cisplatin causes autophagy, DNA damage, cytoplasmic organelle failure, use particularly in the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial damage, all of which activate apoptotic pathways and cause cellular harm through oxidative stress and inflammation ( 2 3 ). In other investigations, cisplatin therapy increased oxidative stress in the kidneys of animal models ( 5 6 7 ). However, it is still unclear how the various mechanisms interact and eventually contribute to renal damage.…”

“…Oxidative stress induction in the large region of renal tissues causes all of these damages. Numerous investigations have documented the qualitative effects of cisplatin therapy on renal tissue in laboratory animals ( 5 6 7 ). Harmine treatment also reduced tubular necrosis and glomerular damage in the cisplatin-treated groups.…”