Borate and Silicate Bioactive Glass Coatings Prepared by Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition

Abstract

Silicate (13-93) and borate (13-93-B3) bioactive glass coatings were successfully deposited on titanium using the nanosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition technique. The coatings’ microstructural characteristics, compositions and morphologies were examined by a number of physico-chemical techniques. The deposited coatings retain the same functional groups of the targets, are a few microns thick, amorphous, compact and crack free. Their surface is characterized by the presence of micrometric and nanometric particles. The surface topography, investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy, is characterized by spherical or ellipsoidal particles of the 0.2–3 μm size range for the 13-93 silicate bioactive glass film and of the 0.1–1 µm range for the 13-93-B3 borate bioactive glass coating. Equine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) were applied for biological tests and the osteogenic differentiation activity of cells on the deposited coatings was studied after ADMSCs growth in osteogenic medium and staining with Alizarin Red. Cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation tests have shown that thin films retain the biocompatibility properties of the target silicate and borate glass, respectively. On the other hand, no antibacterial activity of the borate glass films was observed, suggesting that ion doping is advisable to inhibit bacterial growth on the surface of borate glass thin films.

Modification of titanium orthopedic implants with bioactive glass: a systematic review of in vivo and in vitro studies

“…Being derived from malignant bone tumors, various types of osteosarcoma cell lines were isolated due to bone tumor categories, for example, U2OS, Saos-2, and MG-63 ( Matter et al, 2021 ). According to their properties of having a higher capacity to help matrix mineralization, being easier to culture, having a more stable phenotype ( Rau et al, 2020 ), and having a faster proliferation rate ( Abushahba et al, 2020 ), they were frequently used for fabricating the osteoblast models. The pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cell line is generated from mouse primary osteoblast culture ( Nesabi et al, 2021 ), which displays similar behavior toward primary osteoblasts and, thus, shows better osteogenic differentiation ( Ye et al, 2017 ).…”

“…Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are more frequently used because they are abundant and the collection process is simpler and does not cause great trauma ( Chen et al, 2014 ), and this leads to their wide application prospects in regenerative medicine ( Palangadan et al, 2014 ). Such MSCs can also be used to study the osteogenic differentiation potential of glass materials and to study the ability to synthesize certain specific proteins ( Rau et al, 2020 ). Involved in granulation tissue formation, fibroblasts are connective tissue cells that synthesize collagen fibers and matrix components and are essential in the wound healing process ( Avcu et al, 2018 ) and mediation of soft tissue integration ( Patel et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Coatings formed by PLD have a dense surface, a better chemical composition ratio of BG ( Ledda et al, 2016 ), and a microsphere ( Palangadan et al, 2014 ). The nanostructure on the surface can help in implant osteointegration ( Rau et al, 2020 ). PLD mixed with micro-arc oxidation enables the porous morphology of coatings, which results in a better surface appearance and structure ( Ma et al, 2016 ).…”

Additive Manufacturing of Titanium-Based Implants with Metal-Based Antimicrobial Agents

“…The modification of the surfaces of biomedical implants to enhance tissue attachment and prevent implant infections evolved from the mechanical modification of the surface of a medical device (grinding) [9,10], morphological alteration (blast, groove, etching) [11][12][13], physicochemical active surface treatments (chemical treatment and hydroxyapatite coating) [14][15][16][17][18], biochemical active surface treatments (immobilization of biofunctional molecules) [19][20][21][22][23] and, finally, modifying the biologically active surface of the implant by coating it with stem cells and antibacterial agents [24][25][26][27][28]. Since the discovery of osseointegration (the direct and stable anchorage of an implant due to the formation of bony tissue around the implant) and the race for the surface (the race between microbial adhesion and biofilm growth on an implant surface versus tissue integration) [29], it has been evident that coating of implant surfaces with the appropriate antibacterial agents would enhance osseointegration and prevent infections.…”

Advanced Biomaterials, Coatings, and Techniques: Applications in Medicine and Dentistry

“…Among the different methods used to deposit coatings, plasma spraying, dipping, and spin coating are quite usual. Meanwhile, recently developed techniques such as laser, lowtemperature atmospheric plasmas, and microblasting have been used for the deposition of bioactive coatings [34][35][36].…”