Border Chasm: International Boundary Parks and Mexican Conservation, 1935–1945

Biologies of betrayal: Judas goats and sacrificial mice on the margins of Mexico

“…In contrast with the United States, where the establishment of parks was oriented toward protecting pristine areas, in Mexico early conservation efforts focused on restoring degraded environments. The first parks in Mexico tended to protect forests and areas that were easily accessible for public enjoyment, places that had immediately apparent economic, recreational and biological value (Simonian, 1995;Wakild, 2009;Wakild, 2012). While Guadalupe differs from the parks that were established in the post-revolutionary period because it is not publically accessible, GECI's work is similar to early conservation efforts in that it focuses on repairing a damaged ecosystem.…”

Multiple territorialities and the shifting conservation frontiers of Patagonia

“…Geopolitical anxieties created the impetus for state-making projects (Bandieri, 2014;Navarro Floria, 1999). As happened in other regions of Latin America (Freitas, 2021;Wakild, 2009), protected areas became vehicles to consolidate disputed national borders. Parks were elements within larger repertoires-which included laws of border zones, labor forces, migration policies, and land tenure systemsundertaken by central states to stabilize the uncertain borders.…”

Paper Works: Contested Resource Histories in Peru’s Huascarán National Park

“…Conservation policies, often imposed by colonial states on colonized people, have also functioned as a way of controlling people by reproducing and enforcing imperial practices and the asymmetries of power (Beinart & Hughes,200,3). Unlike the colonial legacy in Africa, early protected areas in Latin America were often explicitly framed as part of the consolidation of national borders in a still unstable region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (Grove, 1995, Neumann, 2001, Valdivia et al, 2014, Wakild, 2007, Wakild, 2009a, Wakild, 2009bb, Wakild, 2014, Wakild, 2015, Zimmerer and Carter, 2002. The number of protected areas in Latin America has increased dramatically since the 1990s, although its historical precedents date back to the beginning of the twentieth century when the first parks were established in Mexico and Argentine Patagonia (Cushman, 2005, Cushman, 2013, Wakild, 2009a, Wakild, 2009bb, Wakild, 2013, Zimmerer and Carter, 2002.…”

“…Unlike the colonial legacy in Africa, early protected areas in Latin America were often explicitly framed as part of the consolidation of national borders in a still unstable region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (Grove, 1995, Neumann, 2001, Valdivia et al, 2014, Wakild, 2007, Wakild, 2009a, Wakild, 2009bb, Wakild, 2014, Wakild, 2015, Zimmerer and Carter, 2002. The number of protected areas in Latin America has increased dramatically since the 1990s, although its historical precedents date back to the beginning of the twentieth century when the first parks were established in Mexico and Argentine Patagonia (Cushman, 2005, Cushman, 2013, Wakild, 2009a, Wakild, 2009bb, Wakild, 2013, Zimmerer and Carter, 2002. Regional studies currently focus on such topics as the proliferation of private protected areas in the Southern Cone; the role of conservationist NGOs' priorities vis-à-vis communities; biodiversity; and ecotourism (Fletcher, 2014, Gonzalez-Roglich et al, 2012, Grandia, 2012, Hill and Hill, 2011, Holmes, 2010, Jones, 2012, Méndez-López et al, 2014, Sundberg, 1998.…”