Borders, independence and post-colonial ties : the role of the state in Caribbean migration

Abstract

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How do borders influence migration? Insights from open and closed border regimes in the three Guianas

“…For the same reason, while the three Guianas have become immigration destinations, immigration is not analysed in this article. For the complete analysis of long-term migrations in the three Guianas, readers can refer to Vezzoli (2015).…”

“…7 Golden Arrowhead refers to the pattern on the Guyanese flag. 8 Figure 4 also suggests that the small labour recruitment programmes introduced by Canada and the US provided the Guyanese a first entry in North America (Vezzoli 2015).…”

“…From 1964 to 1971, migration out of Suriname gained strength and changed in character (Vezzoli 2015). Pre-1964 emigration was associated with higher education and a search for adventure (Gowricharn 2004).…”

“…Whenever social tensions arose, the central government intervened with plans to expand services and create more public-sector jobs. For example, the 1980s decentralisation process, which entailed financial contributions, institutional projects and further expansion of public employment, correlates with a visible reduction in emigration between 1982 and 1990 (Vezzoli 2015). In particular, the expansion of public employment has been central in the retention of people.…”

Can we get them moving? The impact of mobility assistance on cross‐country migration of young adults in Europe

“…In other words, economic migration theory suggests that migration flows are mostly driven by wage differentials between different regions or (temporary) differences in employment opportunities between countries (Borjas, 1989;Constant & Massey, 2002;Czaika, 2015;Czaika & de Haas, 2014). Relatedly, emigration has been shown to increase in case of higher inequality within a country (Czaika, 2013;Stark et al, 2009;Vezzoli, 2015) or political push factors such as state violence (Hatton, 2009;Moore & Shellmann, 2007). More sociological yet complementary explanations point to the importance of more non-economic factors such as cultural distance, language barriers, social and family networks or personal obstacles and motivations (Herman, 2006;Hoffmann-Nowotny, 1981;Richmond, 1988).…”