Boreal pine forest floor biogenic volatile organic compound emissions peak in early summer and autumn

Aaltonen, Hermanni; Pumpanen, Jukka; Pihlatie, Mari; Hakola, Hannele; Hellén, Heidi; Kulmala, Liisa; Vesala, Timo; Bäck, Jaana

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.12.010

Cited by 140 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The Greenberg et al 21 measurements were performed in July, when it is possible the pool of terpenoid compounds in the litter has been depleted. Aaltonen et al 27 made measurements from late April to November and noted that they observed a decreasing trend in emissions from April 28th to May 20th. They postulated that the emissions may have been even higher before their observations began in late April.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SOA Formation Potential of Emissions from Soil and Leaf Litter

Faiola

Vanderschelden

Wen

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Soil and leaf litter are significant global sources of small oxidized volatile organic compounds, VOCs (e.g., methanol and acetaldehyde). They may also be significant sources of larger VOCs that could act as precursors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. To investigate this, soil and leaf litter samples were collected from the University of Idaho Experimental Forest and transported to the laboratory. There, the VOC emissions were characterized and used to drive SOA formation via dark, ozone-initiated reactions. Monoterpenes dominated the emission profile with emission rates as high as 228 μg-C m–2 h–1. The composition of the SOA produced was similar to biogenic SOA formed from oxidation of ponderosa pine emissions and α-pinene. Measured soil and litter monoterpene emission rates were compared with modeled canopy emissions. Results suggest surface soil and litter monoterpene emissions could range from 12 to 136% of canopy emissions in spring and fall. Thus, emissions from leaf litter may potentially extend the biogenic emissions season, contributing to significant organic aerosol formation in the spring and fall when reduced solar radiation and temperatures reduce emissions from living vegetation.

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Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SOA Formation Potential of Emissions from Soil and Leaf Litter

Faiola

Vanderschelden

Wen

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The contribution of BVOCs to the carbon loss from soil is minimal relative to the respiratory CO 2 effluxes (Aaltonen et al, 2011; Faubert et al, 2012). However, BVOCs are important as reactive atmospheric trace gases, and BVOC oxidation products contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation and may even be involved in new particle formation (see e.g., Fuentes et al, 2000; Jimenez et al, 2009; Riipinen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent studies have revealed that boreal forest floor BVOC emissions peak during early summer and autumn (Aaltonen et al, 2011) and not at midsummer even though the green plant biomass is peaking at midsummer. BVOC emissions can even be measured from the snowpack during winter (Helmig et al, 2009; Aaltonen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-season biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from heath mesocosms: responses to vegetation cutting

et al. 2013

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Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) affect both atmospheric processes and ecological interactions. Our primary aim was to differentiate between BVOC emissions from above- and belowground plant parts and heath soil outside the growing season. The second aim was to assess emissions from herbivory, mimicked by cutting the plants. Mesocosms from a temperate Deschampsia flexuosa-dominated heath ecosystem and a subarctic mixed heath ecosystem were either left intact, the aboveground vegetation was cut, or all plant parts (including roots) were removed. For 3–5 weeks, BVOC emissions were measured in growth chambers by an enclosure method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. CO2 exchange, soil microbial biomass, and soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations were also analyzed. Vegetation cutting increased BVOC emissions by more than 20-fold, and the induced compounds were mainly eight-carbon compounds and sesquiterpenes. In the Deschampsia heath, the overall low BVOC emissions originated mainly from soil. In the mixed heath, root, and soil emissions were negligible. Net BVOC emissions from roots and soil of these well-drained heaths do not significantly contribute to ecosystem emissions, at least outside the growing season. If insect outbreaks become more frequent with climate change, ecosystem BVOC emissions will periodically increase due to herbivory.

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“…This is a result of direct emissions of e.g. monoterpenes from the trees at canopy level and emissions of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from rotting leaf-litter into a shallow, stratified 10 boundary layer, suggesting that reactive species close to the ground will dominate in controlling the NO 3 lifetime and thus mixing ratio (Aaltonen et al, 2011). We explored this by making measurements of k OTG at various heights above ground, including measurements from a few meters below the canopy, to a few meters above the tree tops.…”

Section: Vertical Gradient In No 3 Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This site has been focus of intensive research investigating BVOC (Rinne et al, 2005;Holzke et al, 2006;Hakola et al, 2009;Lappalainen et al, 2009;Aaltonen et al, 2011) and their influence on O 3 reactivity (Mogensen et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 5 2017) and OH-reactivity Nölscher et al, 2012) as well as simulations on NO 3 lifetimes (Hakola et al, 2003;Peräkylä et al, 2014). SMEAR II is located 49 km north-east of Tampere (pop.…”

Section: Smear II Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Direct measurement of NO<sub>3</sub> reactivity in a boreal forest

Liebmann

Karu

Sobanski

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. We present the first direct measurements of NO 3 reactivity (or inverse lifetime, s -1 ) in the Finnish boreal forest.The data were obtained during the IBAIRN campaign (Influence of Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions on the Reactive 15 Nitrogen budget) which took place in Hyytiälä, Finland during the summer / autumn transition in September 2016. The NO 3 reactivity was generally very high with a maximum value of 0.94 s -1 and displayed a strong diel variation with a campaignaveraged nighttime mean value of 0.11 s -1 compared to a daytime value of 0.04 s -1 . The highest nighttime NO 3 -reactivity was accompanied by major depletion of canopy level ozone and was associated with strong temperature inversions and high levels of monoterpenes. The daytime reactivity was sufficiently large that reactions of NO 3 with organic trace gases could 20 compete with photolysis and reaction with NO. There was no significant reduction in the measured NO 3 reactivity between the beginning and end of the campaign indicating that any seasonal reduction in canopy emissions of reactive biogenic trace gases was offset by emissions from the forest floor. Observations of biogenic hydrocarbons (BVOC) suggested a dominant role for monoterpenes in determining the NO 3 reactivity. Reactivity not accounted for by in-situ measurement of NO and BVOCs was variable across the diel cycle with, on average, ≈ 30% "missing" during nighttime and ≈ 60% missing during 25 the day. Measurement of the NO 3 reactivity at various heights (8.5 to 25 m) both above and below the canopy, revealed a strong nighttime, vertical gradient with maximum values closest to the ground. The gradient disappeared during daytime due to efficient vertical mixing.

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Boreal pine forest floor biogenic volatile organic compound emissions peak in early summer and autumn

Cited by 140 publications

References 37 publications

SOA Formation Potential of Emissions from Soil and Leaf Litter

SOA Formation Potential of Emissions from Soil and Leaf Litter

Off-season biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from heath mesocosms: responses to vegetation cutting

Direct measurement of NO<sub>3</sub> reactivity in a boreal forest

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Boreal pine forest floor biogenic volatile organic compound emissions peak in early summer and autumn

Cited by 140 publications

References 37 publications

SOA Formation Potential of Emissions from Soil and Leaf Litter

SOA Formation Potential of Emissions from Soil and Leaf Litter

Off-season biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from heath mesocosms: responses to vegetation cutting

Direct measurement of NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; reactivity in a boreal forest

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Direct measurement of NO<sub>3</sub> reactivity in a boreal forest