Boron Nitride Nanotube–Reinforced Titanium Composite with Controlled Interfacial Reactions by Spark Plasma Sintering

Bustillos, Jenniffer; Lu, Xiaoqing; Nautiyal, Pranjal; Zhang, Cheng; Boesl, Benjamin; Agarwal, Arvind

doi:10.1002/adem.202000702

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(345 reference statements)

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“…The surface of BN nanotubes (BNNTs), which can be regarded as a nanotubed form of h-BN, has a high surface energy, , so one would expect its wettability to be great. Actually, it has been reported that there is a good interfacial interaction between BNNTs and polymers, exemplified by easy wetting and high interfacial shear strength. − This suggests that BNNTs can be an excellent reinforcing material for epoxy resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition between Hydrogen Bonding and Dispersion Force in Water Adsorption and Epoxy Adhesion to Boron Nitride: From the Flat to the Curved

Tsuji

Yoshizawa

2021

Langmuir

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Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a material with excellent thermal conductivity and electrical insulation, used as an additive to various matrices. To increase the affinity of h-BN to them, hydrogen bonds should be formed at the interface. In reality, however, they are not formed; the N atoms are not capable of accepting hydrogen bonds due to the delocalization of their lone pair electrons over the B–N π bonds. To make it form hydrogen bonds, one may need to break the planarity of h-BN so that the orbital overlap in the B–N π bonds can be reduced. This idea is verified with first-principles calculations on the adsorption of a water molecule on hypothetical h-BN surfaces, the planarity of which is broken. One can do it in silico but not in vitro. BN nanotubes (BNNTs) are considered as a more realistic BN surface with nonplanarity. The hydrogen bond is shown to become stronger as the curvature of the tube increases. On the contrary, the strength of the dispersion force acting at the interface becomes weaker. In water adsorption, these two interactions are in competition with each other. However, in epoxy adhesion, the interaction due to dispersion forces is overwhelmingly stronger than that due to hydrogen bonding. The smaller the curvature of the surface, the smaller the distance between more atoms at the interface; thus, the interaction due to dispersion forces maximized.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition between Hydrogen Bonding and Dispersion Force in Water Adsorption and Epoxy Adhesion to Boron Nitride: From the Flat to the Curved

Tsuji

Yoshizawa

2021

Langmuir

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“…The needle‐like features have been identified as titanium boride in previous studies on Ti‐BNNT composites. [ 30,31 ] These observations suggest the strengthening behavior is nanotube dominated in the LT composite and interphase dominated in the HT composite. The dependence of strengthening mechanisms on interfacial reactions is illustrated in Figure .…”

Section: Appraisal Of the Reinforcement Efficacy Of Nanotubes And Int...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This newly unraveled processing window was exploited in our recent article to fabricate Ti6Al4V–BNNT composites at a relatively lower sintering temperature of 750 °C, limiting the interfacial reactions and promoting BNNT retention. [ 30 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two composite specimens are investigated in this work, one sintered at 750 °C and another at 950 °C. These two conditions are chosen to obtain nanotube‐rich and interphase‐rich microstructures, respectively, [ 30 ] enabling a systematic investigation of the reinforcement mechanisms exhibited by nanotubes and interfacial reaction products. We carefully characterized the interface structure and the extent of nanotube‐to‐interphase transformation during sintering by high‐resolution transmission electron imaging and X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) mapping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Investigation of Deformation Mechanisms Induced by Boron Nitride Nanotubes and Nanointerphases in Ti–6Al–4V Alloy

et al. 2022

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There is a need to augment the mechanical strength of titanium alloys to take advantage of their low mass density for structural applications. Herein, the reinforcement potential of boron nitride nanotube (BNNT), a high‐aspect‐ratio nanomaterial with exceptional strength and thermal stability, to engineer nanocomposites based on Ti–6Al–4 V alloy, is interrogated. The stress‐transfer behavior at the matrix/filler interface is programmed by tweaking the extent of chemical reactions during sintering. A twofold improvement in indentation resistance after integrating BNNTs in the alloy due to the crack bridging mechanism is reported. There is a further 50% enhancement in hardness and stiffness as the sintering temperature is raised from 750 to 950 °C. This improvement is attributed to the escalated formation of TiN and TiB phases due to matrix–nanotube interfacial reactions at elevated temperatures. A novel indentation‐based in situ trench testing technique is employed to study the subsurface deformation mechanisms activated in the bulk of the composite specimen. The ceramic interphases promote the indentation resistance by acting as crack deflectors in the microstructure, which promotes the dissipation of mechanical work. These insights can be applied to designing Ti‐BNNT microstructures with desired mechanical properties and deformation characteristics.

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“…[ 9 ] It has good self‐lubricity, excellent high temperature and oxidation resistance and high strength, so it can be used as a reinforcing phase to improve the performance of TMCs. [ 10 ] Previous reports proved that TiB nanowires and TiB 2 nanoparticles could effectively enhance the performance of TMCs, [ 4,11 ] and an appropriate amount of TiB [ 12,13 ] and TiB 2 [ 14,15 ] can significantly improve the strength and modulus of titanium. The composite material has good wear resistance due to the role of hard TiB 2 and its grain refinement.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Tribology Properties of Titanium‐Based Metals Reinforced by BN Nanosheets

Huang

Kostyantyn

et al. 2021

Adv Eng Mater

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Herein, the tribology properties of titanium matrix composites (TMCs) are studied, which are formed by simply blending of aspherical Ti particles and BN nanosheets (BNNSs) using low‐energy ball milling and then spark plasma sintering. The mechanical properties of TMCs are characterized by nanoindentation tests, and their friction and wear properties are determined by ball‐on‐disc tests. The results show that the TMC with 0.1 vol% BNNSs (0.1‐TMC) content has the highest hardness and the ratio of hardness to elastic modulus (H/E). In addition, the lowest coefficient of friction (COF) and wear loss of 0.1‐TMC indicate the best tribological performance. Analysis of the worn morphology reveals that the pure Ti with the lowest H/E value presents several microcracks on the surface, implying the microcutting dominates wear process. The addition of BNNSs effectively inhibits the formation of microcracks, thus improves the tribological properties. However, as the content increase, the adhesion of BNNSs and Ti powder becomes worse, increasing the wear debris, leading to abrasive wear and adhesive wear and causing the even more severe wear. As a result, the COF and wear loss of 0.8‐TMC are the largest.

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Boron Nitride Nanotube–Reinforced Titanium Composite with Controlled Interfacial Reactions by Spark Plasma Sintering

Cited by 17 publications

References 118 publications

Competition between Hydrogen Bonding and Dispersion Force in Water Adsorption and Epoxy Adhesion to Boron Nitride: From the Flat to the Curved

Competition between Hydrogen Bonding and Dispersion Force in Water Adsorption and Epoxy Adhesion to Boron Nitride: From the Flat to the Curved

In Situ Investigation of Deformation Mechanisms Induced by Boron Nitride Nanotubes and Nanointerphases in Ti–6Al–4V Alloy

Tribology Properties of Titanium‐Based Metals Reinforced by BN Nanosheets

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