The development of a portable sensor for on-site sensing of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and other nitro aromatics (NAs) is still needed to strengthen environmental protection and public security. Herein, we report the fabrication of fluorescent few-layered MnO 2 nanosheets (FL-MnO 2 NSs) via N,N-dimethyl formamide-mediated ultrasonication and hydrothermal treatment. Electron and spectroscopy studies demonstrate that the modification of the FL-MnO 2 NSs (named as PEI-FL-MnO 2 NSs) with amine-rich polyethyleneimine (PEI) produced planar, β-phase, well-crystalline, and positively charged nanosheets. This PEIrelated surface modification not only improves the quantum yield of the FL-MnO 2 NSs from 7.6 to 13.2% but also provides multiple binding sites with nitro groups of NAs. It was found that the presence of TNT, as an example of NAs, efficiently quenched the fluorescence of the PEI-FL-MnO 2 NSs due to the formation of Meisenheimer complexes through the efficient adsorption process. In comparison to PEI-modified MnO 2 quantum dots, the PEI-FL-MnO 2 NSs exhibited relatively high sensitivity to TNT with a limit of detection of 20 pM. By depositing PEI-FL-MnO 2 NSs on a filter paper, the as-made paper sensor was capable of visualizing 10 nM TNT in drinking water and 10 μM TNT on a postal envelope through the appearance of a quenching spot under a UV lamp. Besides, the adsorbed PEI polymer enables the PEI-FL-MnO 2 NSs to electrostatically interact with citrate-capped metal nanoparticles, producing the composites for catalyzing NaBH 4 -mediated reduction of NAs. Since the PEI-FL-MnO 2 NSs possess a large surface area to capture NAs and serve as an electron acceptor for BH 4 − , the formed composites efficiently catalyze the reaction of NaBH 4 and NAs as compared to metal nanoparticles and PEI-FL-MnO 2 NSs alone.