Boronizing of Sintered Steels

Dautzenberg, Norbert

doi:10.1179/pom.1979.22.1.31

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Solid-state diffusion is the usual mechanism but is particularly slow in case of Mn since the diffusion coefficient of Mn in austenite at the common sintering temperatures is rather low, similar to that of Ni [32]. Sintering with a transient liquid phase is a frequently used mechanism to accelerate homogenisation, but it requires exceeding a certain temperature threshold that is moderate for Cu [33] but fairly high for Mo, Cr, W and V (e.g. [34]).…”

Section: Effects Of Manganese Vapour Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese – a promising element also in high alloy sintered steels

et al. 2021

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Manganese is a standard alloy element in many wrought steels, offering improved strength and hardenability and, in Hadfield steels, also a unique combination of strength, ductility and work hardening behaviour. In sintered steels Mn has been used rarely so far because of two reasons: one is the high oxygen affinity of Mn which promotes oxygen pickup during heat treatment and inhibits removal of oxygen in part through the 'internal getter' effect. The other reason is the high vapour pressure of Mn which results in Mn loss during sintering. In this presentation, these problems are discussed on Mn-alloyed sintered steels with transformation-induced plasticity behaviour. It is shown that by suitable alloying techniques, combined with adjustment of the manufacturing parameters, the problems can be overcome and the benefits of Mn addition can be reaped, obtaining PM steels for which potentially surface densification and hardening can be attained in one run.

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Section: Effects Of Manganese Vapour Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese – a promising element also in high alloy sintered steels

et al. 2021

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“…The sintering behaviour of Fe-Cu and FeCu-C mixes has been well documented, and the cause and consequences of this phenomenon have been extensively studied. 30,31 Penetration of Cu between the iron particles and within the grain boundaries has been regarded as the cause for the rapid expansion observed upon Cu melting. The effectiveness of the combination of carbon and H 2 for reducing the swelling phenomena and improving the wetting characteristics of Cu further reinforce this theory.…”

Section: Microstructural Evolution and Dimensional Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring master alloys for liquid phase sintering: Effect of introducing oxidation-sensitive elements

et al. 2016

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The use of low melting point master alloy (MA) powders contributes beneficially to sintering by increasing the distribution rate of alloying elements, enhancing homogenisation and sometimes also promoting densification. However, working with liquid phases poses important challenges like maintaining a proper dimensional control and minimising the effect of secondary porosity on the final performance of the steel. In this work, three different MA systems are compared: a low dissolutive Cu-based MA, and two systems with a higher degree of iron dissolution but different content in oxidation-sensitive elements. The combination of wetting experiments, step sintering tests and dilatometry studies show how the evolution of the microstructure, dimensional stability and overall densification are strongly affected by the characteristics of the liquid MA and in particular by its ability to dissolve the iron base particles, and by the amount of oxidationsensitive elements present in the composition of the MA powder.

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“…For these reasons, a large amount of research has been devoted to the study of the influence of these elements on mechanical properties and dimensional tolerances of the final sintered components. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Other excellent reports [10][11][12][13] are found on the analysis of micromechanisms and their relationship with dimensional changes during sintering. In particular, the interaction between Fe and liquid Cu leading to the so-called 'copper swelling' has been widely described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural development and effect of different Cu/C contents on dimensional changes during sintering of PM steels

et al. 2015

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Powder blends within the Fe-Cu-C system are extensively used by the Powder Metallurgy industry. Based on the optimisation of mechanical properties the purpose of this work is to further understand the dimensional changes produced in the powder compact during sintering. Green compacts containing copper and carbon within ranges 0.5-3.5%Cu and 0.3-0.9%C were die pressed and sintered under different conditions varying processing parameters, including compaction pressure, temperature and time. Better understanding of the effect of different Cu/C combinations on dimensional changes was approached using the results obtained from dilatometry studies combined with interrupted sintering experiments. For selected specimens the effect of elemental Ni additions, at 1 and 4%, on dimensional changes was studied along with a detailed description of microstructural development. It was clearly observed that swelling due to copper melting and grain boundary diffusion is diminished as graphite additions were increased. The impact of Cu-C-Ni additions on hardness was also evaluated.

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Boronizing of Sintered Steels

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Manganese – a promising element also in high alloy sintered steels

Manganese – a promising element also in high alloy sintered steels

Tailoring master alloys for liquid phase sintering: Effect of introducing oxidation-sensitive elements

Microstructural development and effect of different Cu/C contents on dimensional changes during sintering of PM steels

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