Borophene as an emerging 2D flatland for biomedical applications: current challenges and future prospects

Abstract

Borophene with biocompatibility, biostability, low cytotoxicity, and drug loading capabilities have been explored in various advanced IoT-based biomedical applications such as bio-imaging, biosensing, cancer therapy, diagnostic, and therapeutics.

MXene-modified molecularly imprinted polymers as an artificial bio-recognition platform for efficient electrochemical sensing: progress and perspectives

“…65 The remarkable chemical and physical properties of MXenes such as high surface area, superior electrical conductivity, enhanced functionality, tunable properties, and excellent ion-intercalation behaviors make them a promising material for electrochemical sensing. [66][67][68][69] Considering a 2D lamina of MXenes, the general formula for its structure is M n+1 X n T x where n + 1 layers of M(transition metals) are incorporated with n layers of X(C or N), and the functionalities at the surface like O, Cl, F, OH etc. bonded to the layers of M are represented by T x .…”

“…65 The remarkable chemical and physical properties of MXenes such as high surface area, superior electrical conductivity, enhanced functionality, tunable properties, and excellent ion-intercalation behaviors make them a promising material for electrochemical sensing. 66–69…”

New Polymeric Composites Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

“…However, it is known that borophene has NIR absorption properties suitable for PTT, high surface-to-volume capable of drug-loading, it can generate ROS upon irradiation, and demonstrates promising prospects for biosensing applications. Like borophene, other graphene analogs such as germanene and silicene have similar future perspectives [ 115 , 116 ]. The extremely limited research on the use of MXenes for biomedical applications beyond Ti 3 C 2 and the very restricted portfolio outside cancer treatment through PTT showcases the need for a more comprehensive investigation.…”

Next-Generation Intelligent MXene-Based Electrochemical Aptasensors for Point-of-Care Cancer Diagnostics

“…The excellent electrical, mechanical, electrochemical, and optical features of 2 D materials have fetched much attention from the past decade in terms of their wide applicability in various fields including disease diagnosis and therapeutics [ 25 ]. There are several types of 2D materials such as graphitic carbon nitride [ 26 ], transition metal dichalcogenides [ 27 ], black phosphorous [ 28 ], hexagonal boron nitride (borophene) [ 29 ], graphene [ 30 ], metal halides [ 31 ], metal oxides [ 32 ], metal–organic frameworks [ 33 ], some polymer [ 34 ] which have been investigated for various biosensing applications. Among these, early transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXene) are unique in terms of their hydrophilicity, electrochemical, mechanical, and optical properties [ 35 ].…”