Botanical fractions of straw of 51 cereal varieties and in sacco degradability of various fractions

Flachowsky, Gerhard; Tiroke, K.; Schein, G.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(91)90117-b

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since the majority of this material is discharged from conventional combines and falls to the ground ahead of the straw, specialized collection and handling methods are required to harvest chaff. The proportion of chaff that can be retained in straw is highly variable, and ranges from about 1 to 21% depending on species and variety and harvesting system (Ernst et al 1960;Thiago and Kellaway 1982;Flachowsky et al 1991).…”

Section: Morphological Composition Of Cereal Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

Review: The composition and availability of straw and chaff from small grain cereals for beef cattle in western Canada

McCartney¹,

Block²,

Dubeski³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. 2006. Review: The composition and availability of straw and chaff from small grain cereals for beef cattle in western Canada. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 86: 443-455. Small cereal grain residues are heterogeneous feeds consisting of several botanical fractions: chaff, grain, leaf blade, leaf sheath, internode and node. These parts vary in composition, digestibility, resistance to comminution, intake potential and energy availability. Large differences in the nutritional quality of straw and chaff may occur from year to year and between locations due to effects of environmental conditions on botanical composition and cell anatomy. Stage of maturity, harvest method and weathering will influence composition and quality of the most nutritious parts of cereal residues, the leaf and chaff. In addition, cultivars and species differ in the proportion, anatomy and digestibility of botanical fractions. As a result, the quality of crop residues is highly variable with an economic value that is difficult to accurately assess.Cereal straw and chaff are of low economic value as they are low in nutritive value, where nutritive value is the product of nutrient intake, digestibility, and efficiency of use. However, due to availability, cereal crop residues have the potential to be a substantial feed resource for beef cows. Previous reviews have not focused on straw and chaff nutrition research relevant to use by beef cattle in western Canada. This review includes discussions on yield and nutritive value with a focus on identifying information deficiencies, including the lack of detailed production statistics for determining residue yields on a regional bases and the need for more detailed nutrient composition to update regional feed data bases for western Canada.

show abstract

Section: Morphological Composition Of Cereal Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

Review: The composition and availability of straw and chaff from small grain cereals for beef cattle in western Canada

McCartney¹,

Block²,

Dubeski³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sheep fed maize stover supplemented with various multipurpose trees containing tannins and other antinutritive compounds had degradability ranging from 490 to 518 g/kg (Hindrichsen et al, 2004 Although these values are lower than those of the current study, they are reflective of the lower degradability often observed in vivo compared to in vitro. Flachowsky et al (1991) showed that cultivars with higher straw quality were not consistently associated with lower grain yield, and this gives an opportunity to develop or select a variety with high quality crop residue without sacrificing grain yield. As for the GH used, its CP concentration was within the range of 23.3 -50.9 g/kg, reported by Ali et al (2001) in several tropical grasses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<I>In vitro</I> degradability and gas production parameters of Sericea lespedeza (<I>Lespedeza cuneata</I>) mixed with varying types and levels of roughages

Ouda¹,

Nsahlai²,

Mahundu³

2006

SA J. An. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) regrowth was harvested at early (ELP) or late (LLP) flowering stages, mixed with varying types and levels of roughage and fermented for 72 h in vitro, using the gas production (GP) technique. The roughage : lespedeza ratios were 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100. The roughages included maize stover harvested at grain milk (MM) or dry (MD) stages and veld grass hay (GH). The crude protein (CP) content of ELP, LLP, MM, MD and GH were 187, 97, 48, 29 and 34 g/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. The corresponding NDF values were 283, 589, 696, 73.3 and 665 g/kg DM. Degradability was slightly higher in MM as compared to MD and GH (means 704.9 vs. 676.6 and 685.0 g/kg, respectively) between ELP rations. The roughages had similar but lower degradability in LLP rations (means 633.4, 632.6 and 631.1 g/kg for MM, MD and GH, respectively). Increased proportion of ELP and LLP resulted in decreased degradability in all the roughages. Microbial yield was similar among roughages in ELP rations, but the roughages differed in microbial yield among LLP rations whereby GH had the highest value and MD the lowest. Increased proportion of ELP elicited an increase in microbial yield but increasing LLP had no effect (range 135.0 -264.8 g/kg among ELP and 143.4 -295. 9 g/kg among LLP rations). Roughage type affected GP with MD and GH having the lowest and highest values, respectively. The values ranged from 167.4 -209.8 and 160.4 -221.0 mL among ELP and LLP rations, respectively. There was a decrease in GP as the proportion of ELP or LLP increased and roughage type x supplement level interaction had effect. The ratio of degradability to GP, i.e. the partitioning factor (PF) ranged from 3.43 -4.74 and 3.13 -4.23 among ELP and LLP rations, respectively, whereby GH had highest and MD lowest values. The rate of GP from soluble fraction was not affected, but that of the fibre fraction differed among the roughages in ELP rations whereby GH had lower rate than MM and MD (mean 0.023 vs. 0.026 and 0.025, respectively). The lag time (lt) tended to be reduced as ratio of ELP increased (range 1.83 to 6.59 h). In LLP rations, roughage type, supplementation level, roughage type x supplementation level interactions affected lt. The GH had the longest and MM had the shortest lt among the roughages (range 0.88 -9.61 h), and likewise lt reduced as ratio of LLP increased. The results indicate that the various nutritive attributes considered are differentially influenced by lespedeza type and level, roughage type and the interactions among these aspects, hence the importance of their implications in formulating ruminant diets. The results indicate that when using roughages with similar quality as those studied, lespedeza ratio of 40 -60% of DM consumed can be beneficial. _______________________________________________________________________________________

show abstract

“…Extent of ruminal wheat starch degradation, though variable, was always greater than 75% (Herrera-Saldana et al, 1990;Tamminga et al, 1990;Alert and Poppe, 1994;Arieli et al, 1995). After 48 h of in situ ruminal incubation, straw dry matter (DM) degradability for nine varieties of winter wheat varied from 37 to 46% (Flachowsky et al, 1991) and OM degradability for 22 varieties varied from 30 to 41% (Colucci et al, 1992). Simultaneous fermentation in the rumen of grain and stalk from ensiled crops may give different results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Wheat Silage Maturity onin situDegradation of Organic Matter, Crude Protein, Starch and Fibre

Südekum

Thordsen

Stangassinger

1996

Journal of Applied Animal Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Botanical fractions of straw of 51 cereal varieties and in sacco degradability of various fractions

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Review: The composition and availability of straw and chaff from small grain cereals for beef cattle in western Canada

Review: The composition and availability of straw and chaff from small grain cereals for beef cattle in western Canada

<I>In vitro</I> degradability and gas production parameters of Sericea lespedeza (<I>Lespedeza cuneata</I>) mixed with varying types and levels of roughages

Effect of Wheat Silage Maturity onin situDegradation of Organic Matter, Crude Protein, Starch and Fibre

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About