Review: The composition and availability of straw and chaff from small grain cereals for beef cattle in western Canada

McCartney, D. H.; Block, H. C.; Dubeski, P. L.; Ohama, Adele J.

doi:10.4141/a05-092

Cited by 63 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In our calculations the rye grain to straw ratio wass 2/1 [58]. Table 6 shows that diesel oil for transportation, seeds production and the chemical fertilizers are the largest energy consumers in agriculture.…”

Section: Modeling Of Agriculture and Bread And Bun Making Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the energy and exergy efficiencies of farm to fork grain cultivation and bread making processes in Turkey and Germany

Değerli

Nazir

Sorgüven

et al. 2015

Energy

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Energy and exergy efficiencies of the wheat and rye bread and hamburger bun making processes are assessed based on data from Turkey and Germany. Amount of the land required to produce the same amount of wheat in Turkey is 3.34 times of that required in Germany; this ratio is 2.30 for the rye grain. These results show that the efficiency of the conversion of the solar energy into the grain mass is low in Turkey. Cumulative degree of perfection (CDP) for the wheat and the rye grain production is 3.73 and 4.96 in Turkey, and 11.26 and 10.46 in Germany. Specific energy utilization for rye bread production is almost the same in Turkey and Germany; but it is 12 % higher in Turkey for wheat bread and hamburger bun making. Hamburger bun production requires the maximum energy utilization due to the higher weight loss in baking. The rye bread production process requires the minimum energy utilization due to the lower energy input in the agriculture and higher efficiency in the flour production. The maximum exergy destructions occur during the milling and the baking steps.Keywords: Bread making, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, carbon dioxide emission Correspondence: mozilgen@yeditepe.edu.tr 2 Highlights• Agriculture determines the energy and exergy efficiency of bread making• Conversion efficiency of the solar energy into grain mass is lower in Turkey• The smallest energy and exergy is needed for the rye bread making• The largest energy and exergy is needed for the hamburger bun making• Energy efficiency per mass of bread production is 12 % higher in Germany 3

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Section: Modeling Of Agriculture and Bread And Bun Making Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the energy and exergy efficiencies of farm to fork grain cultivation and bread making processes in Turkey and Germany

Değerli

Nazir

Sorgüven

et al. 2015

Energy

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“…Kaliel and Kotowich (2002) reported that winter feeding of beef cows represents 60Á65% of the total cost of production in a Canadian cow/calf operation [as reported by McCartney et al (2006)]. There may be opportunities to keep winter feeding costs low by utilizing lower quality and lower cost forages, such as crop residues from grain corn and cereal grains.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cereal straws in particular have been extensively studied as a low cost winter feedstuff for beef cows (Tellier et al 2004;McCartney et al 2006). Much of the research has focused on additives and treatments of straws to improve nutritive value and digestibility by processes such as ammoniation (Males 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of crop residues in haylage-based rations on the performance of pregnant beef cows

Wood¹,

Kelly²,

Miller³

et al. 2010

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2010. Effect of crop residues in haylage-based rations on the performance of pregnant beef cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 69Á76. Seventy-one individually fed multiparous, pregnant crossbred beef cows [body weight (BW)9SD; 730977.9 kg] were used to examine the effects of including crop residues in alfalfa/grass haylage-based rations on BW gain, fat deposition/loss and plasma metabolites. The haylage control ration (CON; n 023) was modified to include either 40% (dry matter basis) wheat straw (WS; n 024) or 40% corn stalklage (CS; n 024). Cows were blocked by calving date and randomly assigned to each treatment and fed for 82 d leading up to the earliest calving date. On days 1, 40, and 82, cows were weighed, ultrasounded to measure subcutaneous backfat (BF) over the ribs, body condition scored (BCS) and plasma was collected. Calves from cows fed WS had greater (P00.02) weaning weights than cows fed CS, but did not differ (P00.23) from CON. CS cows had the lowest ADG (PB0.03), lost the most body condition (PB0.04), and had the lowest dry matter intake (P50.001). These data indicate that diets containing crop residues can be used to dilute high-quality haylage rations for wintering beef cows; however, diets containing 40% corn stalklage used in this experiment may not be advisable, since cows lost BW and fat, and their calves had the poorest calf performance up to weaning.Key words: Beef cattle, wheat straw, winter feeding, corn stalklage, crop residues Wood, K. M., Kelly, M. J., Miller, S. P., Mandell, I. B. et Swanson, K. C. 2010. Incidence des de´chets de culture dans les rations de mi-fane´sur la performance des vaches de boucherie gravides. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 69Á76. Soixante et onze vaches de boucherie hybrides, multipares et gravides (poids corporel 9 É .-T.; 730 9 77,9 kg), nourries individuellement, ont servi a`pre´ciser les conse´quences des re´sidus agricoles pre´sents dans les rations de mi-fane´de luzerne et de gramine´es sur le gain de poids, le rapport entre le de´poˆt et la perte de matie`re grasse, et les me´tabolites du sang. Les auteurs ont modifie´la ration te´moin de mi-fane´(CON; n 0 23) afin qu'elle inclue 40 % (d'apre`s la quantite´de matie`re se`che) de paille de ble´(WS; n 0 24) ou 40 % d'ensilage de tiges de maı¨s (CS; n 0 24). Les vaches ont e´te´re´parties selon la date de veˆlage, puis affecte´es au hasard a`un traitement avant de recevoir la ration pendant 82 jours jusqu'a`la premie`re date de veˆlage. Les animaux ont e´teṕ ese´s le 1 er , le 40 e et le 82 e jour. On a aussi mesure´le gras dorsal sous-cutane´aux ultrasons a`hauteur des coˆtes, e´tabli la note d'e´tat corporel et pre´leve´du sang. Les veaux des vaches nourries avec du WS e´taient plus lourds (P 0 0,02) au sevrage que ceux des vaches recevant du CS, mais ils avaient le meˆme poids (P 0 0,23) que les veaux du groupe CON. Les vaches du groupe CS ont enregistre´le gain de poids quotidien le plus faible (P B 0,03), ont vu leur e´tat corporel se de´grader le plus (P B 0,04), et ont inge´re´le moins de matie`re se`che (P50...

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“…Wheat straw is an effective feedstuff for use in wintering beef cows, particularly in western Canada (McCartney et al 2006). Since wheat straw alone is low in CP and high in neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fiber (ADF), digestibility and voluntary intake can be relatively low (Males 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crop residues may provide up to 50 to 60% of dry matter intake (DMI) needed to maintain the pregnant beef cow over winter (McCartney et al 2006); however, an additional nutrient source is needed to meet the requirements for energy and crude protein (CP), prevent rumen impaction, maintain DMI, improve digestibility and increase performance (Pritchard and Males 1982;Wiedmeier et al 1983;Pritchard and Males 1985;Bohnert et al 2002;Tellier et al 2004). The impact of nutrition on the pre-partum performance of the cow must be considered in any winter feeding program, since poor pre-partum nutrition can negatively impact the growth and development of the conceptus [National Research Council (NRC) 1996].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of supplementation with haylage, haylage plus soybean meal or haylage plus corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles on the performance of wintering pregnant beef cows fed wheat straw

Wood¹,

Mandell²,

Swanson³

2010

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Wood, K. M., Mandell, I. B. and Swanson, K. C. 2010. The influence of supplementation with haylage, haylage plus soybean meal or haylage plus corn dried distillers' grains with solubles on the performance of wintering pregnant beef cows fed wheat straw. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 547Á553. Fourteen pens containing a total of 53 individually fed, multiparous, pregnant, crossbred beef cows were used to investigate feeding of free-choice haylage or supplemention programs for cows fed wheat straw. Dietary treatments for the 112-d feeding period were: free choice haylage (pens 02, cows 07; 100% Haylage), haylage offered at 0.7% body weight (BW) plus free choice straw (pens 03, cows 011; 0.7% Haylage), haylage offered at 1% of BW plus free choice straw (pens03, cows 012; 1% Haylage), haylage offered at 0.5% BW plus soybean meal and free choice straw (pens 03, cows 012; Haylage'SBM), and haylage offered at 0.5% BW plus corn dried distillers' grains plus solubles and free choice access to straw [pens03, cows 011; Haylage'dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS)]. The non-straw component of Haylage'SBM and Haylage'DDGS was formulated to provide equal amounts of N (relative to BW) to that of 1% Haylage. Total dry matter intake (DMI) was greater (P50.01) in cows receiving 100% Haylage vs. other treatments and 1% Haylage, Haylage'SBM, and Haylage'DDGS vs. 0.7% Haylage. Straw DMI was greater (PB0.001) in cows receiving Haylage'SBM and Haylage'DDGS vs. 1% Haylage. Average daily gain was greater (P 50.002) in cows receiving 100% Haylage vs. other treatments, 1% Haylage, Haylage'SBM, and Haylage' DDGS vs. 0.7% Haylage, and Haylage'SBM and Haylage'DDGS vs. 1% Haylage. These data indicate that feeding wheat straw supplemented with haylage or haylage plus SBM or DDGS may be an acceptable alternative to free-choice haylage to minimize winter feed costs and that supplementation with Haylage plus SBM or Haylage plus DDGS results in increased straw DMI and ADG when compared to supplementation with haylage alone. Les auteurs ont recouru a`53 vaches de boucherie hybrides, multipares et gravides, re´parties dans 14 enclos et nourries individuellement, pour e´tudier l'incidence du mi-fane´servi a`satie´te´ou de l'ensilage enrichi sur les vaches engraisse´es avec de la paille de ble´. Les re´gimes durant la pe´riode d'hivernage de 112 jours e´taient les suivants : ensilage de mi-fane´servi a`satie´te´(enclos 02, vaches 07; 100%de mi-fane´), ensilage de mi-fane´servi a`raison de 0,7% du poids corporel plus paille as atie´te´(enclos 03, vaches011; 0,7% de mi-fane´), ensilage de mi-fane´servi a`raison de 1% du poids corporel plus paille as atie´te´(enclos 03, vaches012; 1% de mi-fane´), ensilage de mi-fane´servi a`raison de 0,5% du poids corporel plus tourteau de soja et paille a`satie´te´(enclos 03, vaches 012; mi-fane´'TS), et ensilage de mi-fane´servi a`raison de 0.5% du poids corporel enrichi de dreˆches se`ches de maı¨s et d'extraits solubles de distillerie et paille de ble´a`satie´te( enclos 03, vaches011; mi-fane´'DSESD). La partie non...

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Review: The composition and availability of straw and chaff from small grain cereals for beef cattle in western Canada

Cited by 63 publications

References 52 publications

Assessment of the energy and exergy efficiencies of farm to fork grain cultivation and bread making processes in Turkey and Germany

Assessment of the energy and exergy efficiencies of farm to fork grain cultivation and bread making processes in Turkey and Germany

Effect of crop residues in haylage-based rations on the performance of pregnant beef cows

The influence of supplementation with haylage, haylage plus soybean meal or haylage plus corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles on the performance of wintering pregnant beef cows fed wheat straw

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