Both sedentary time and physical activity are associated with cardiometabolic health in overweight adults in a 1 month accelerometer measurement

Sjöros, Tanja; Vähä‐Ypyä, Henri; Laine, Saara; Garthwaite, Taru; Lahesmaa, Minna; Laurila, Sanna; Latva‐Rasku, Aino; Savolainen, Anna M.; Miikkulainen, A E; Löyttyniemi, Eliisa; Sievänen, Harri; Kalliokoski, Kari K.; Knuuti, Juhani; Vasankari, Tommi; Heinonen, Ilkka

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77637-3

Cited by 37 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The participants were recruited from the local community by newspaper advertisements and bulletin leaflets as previously reported (19). Selection criteria (for this study and the intervention study (NCT03101228)) were the following: middleaged (40-65 years), overweight or obesity (BMI 25-40 kg/m 2 ), and self-reported insufficient PA (less than 120 minutes of moderate intensity exercise per week), and high sedentary time (sitting a major proportion (≥ 10 hours) of the day at work and/or leisure time).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body Adiposity, But Not Elements of Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior or Physical Activity, Is Associated With Circulating Liver Enzymes in Adults With Overweight and Obesity

et al. 2021

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ObjectiveWe studied the associations between accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior (SB) and habitual physical activity (PA) as well as markers of body adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors with liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT).MethodsA total of 144 middle-aged adults (mean age 57 (SD 6.5) years) with overweight or obesity (mean body mass index [BMI] 31.8 [SD 3.9] kg/m2) participated. Different components of SB (sitting, lying) and PA (standing, breaks in SB, daily steps, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA and total PA) were measured with validated hip-worn accelerometers for four consecutive weeks (mean 25 days, [SD 4]). Fasting venous blood samples were analysed using standard assays. The associations were examined with Pearson’s partial correlation coefficient test and linear mixed model.ResultsAmong 102 women and 42 men accelerometer measured SB or the elements of PA were not associated with circulating liver enzymes. When adjusted for age and sex, liver enzymes correlated positively with BMI and waist circumference (WC) (ALT r=0.34, p<0.0001, r=0.41, < 0.0001, AST r=0.17, p=0.049, r=0.26, p=0.002, GGT r=0.29, p=0.0005, r=0.32, p < 0.0001, respectively). SB proportion associated positively with BMI (r=0.21, p=0.008) and WC (r=0.27, p=0.001). Components of PA associated negatively with BMI (MVPA r=-0.23, p=0.005, daily steps r=-0.30, p<0.0001 and breaks in sedentary time r=-0.32, p<0.0001), as well as with WC (breaks in SB r=-0.35, p<0.0001, MVPA r=-0.26, p=0.002, daily steps r=-0.31, p<0.0001, standing time r=-0.27, p=0.001). Liver enzymes associated positively with common cardiometabolic markers such as resting heart rate (ALT; β=0.17, p=0.03, AST; β=0.25, p=0.002, GGT; β=0.23, p=0.004) and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (ALT β=0.20, p=0.01, β=0.22, p=0.005, AST (only diastolic) β=0.23, p=0.006, GGT β=0.19, p=0.02, = 0.23, p=0.004, respectively), fasting insulin (ALT β=0.41, p<0.0001, AST β=0.36, p=0.0003, GGT β=0.20, p=0.04) and insulin resistance index (ALT β=0.42, p<0.0001, AST β=0.36, p=0.0003, GGT β=0.21, p=0.03), even after adjustment with BMI.ConclusionsLiver enzymes correlate with body adiposity and appear to cluster with other common cardiometabolic risk factors, even independently of body adiposity. SB and PA appear not to be essential in modulating the levels of circulating liver enzymes.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SB and PA were measured for four weeks with hip-worn tri-axial accelerometers (UKK AM30, UKK-Institute, Tampere, Finland) as previously reported (19). Participants were instructed to wear the accelerometer during waking hours, except for activities where the devise would be exposed to water.…”

Section: Sb and Pa Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Adiposity, But Not Elements of Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior or Physical Activity, Is Associated With Circulating Liver Enzymes in Adults With Overweight and Obesity

et al. 2021

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“…However, after two weeks the association between HOMA-IR and SB proportion became significant, and after three weeks the association between HOMA-IR and LPA became significant. This strengthened association could be due to reduced data variability due to having more measured data points [ 20 ]. Measured fasting plasma insulin has great variation in the general population, and the distribution is often skewed, as was the case in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participants in this study were recruited from the local community by newspaper advertisements and bulletin leaflets as previously reported [ 20 ]. The inclusion criteria for selecting the participants were: Age 40–65 years, body mass index (BMI) 25–40 kg/m 2 , and, according to self-reporting, the participants should not meet the current recommendations for physical activity and should sit for a major portion of the day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As originally described by Matthews et al, the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) can be used as a surrogate measure of insulin resistance [ 19 ]. In our previous study, we observed a difference in the associations between HOMA-IR and measured SB and PA when analyzing data from the full four weeks of measurement vs. only the first week [ 20 ]. Consequently, we wanted to investigate how many weeks of data collection was needed to reveal this association.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the Duration and Timing of Data Collection on Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Associated Insulin Resistance

Sjöros

Vähä‐Ypyä

Laine

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Accelerometry is a commonly used method to determine physical activity in clinical studies, but the duration and timing of measurement have seldom been addressed. We aimed to evaluate possible changes in the measured outcomes and associations with insulin resistance during four weeks of accelerometry data collection. This study included 143 participants (median age of 59 (IQR9) years; mean BMI of 30.7 (SD4) kg/m2; 41 men). Sedentary and standing time, breaks in sedentary time, and different intensities of physical activity were measured with hip-worn accelerometers. Differences in the accelerometer-based results between weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 were analyzed by mixed models, differences during winter and summer by two-way ANOVA, and the associations between insulin resistance and cumulative means of accelerometer results during weeks 1 to 4 by linear models. Mean accelerometry duration was 24 (SD3) days. Sedentary time decreased after three weeks of measurement. More physical activity was measured during summer compared to winter. The associations between insulin resistance and sedentary behavior and light physical activity were non-significant after the first week of measurement, but the associations turned significant in two to three weeks. If the purpose of data collection is to reveal associations between accelerometer-measured outcomes and tenuous health outcomes, such as insulin sensitivity, data collection for at least three weeks may be needed.

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Increased physical activity is not related to markers of cardiometabolic health in two lemur species

Rimbach,

Pontzer

2023

American J Primatol

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Insufficient physical activity is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disease (i.e., unhealthy weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes) in humans and may also negatively affect health of primates in human care. Effects of physical activity on energy expenditure and cardiometabolic health are virtually unstudied in nonhuman primates. We investigated physical activity and metabolic markers in 15 adult ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and 11 Coquerel's sifakas (Propithecus coquereli) at the Duke Lemur Center during a period of low activity in winter when the animals were housed in buildings (with outdoor access) and a period of high activity when individuals were free‐ranging in large, outdoor, forested enclosures. We compared body mass, blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL‐ and LDL‐cholesterol, physical activity via accelerometry, and total energy expenditure (TEE) via the doubly labeled water method (in ring‐tailed lemurs only) between both conditions. Both species were more active and had a lower body mass in summer. Ring‐tailed lemurs had a higher TEE and lower triglyceride levels in summer, whereas sifaka had higher triglyceride levels in summer. Individuals that increased their activity more, also lost more body mass. Individuals that lost more body mass, also had a positive change in HDL‐cholesterol (i.e., higher values in summer). Changes in activity were not associated with changes in markers of metabolic health, body fat percentage and TEE (both unadjusted and adjusted for body composition). Older age was associated with lower activity in both species, and decreased glucose in ring‐tailed lemurs, but was otherwise unrelated to metabolic markers and, for ring‐tailed lemurs, adjusted TEE. Overall, body mass was lower during summer but the increase in physical activity did not strongly influence metabolic health or TEE in these populations.

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Both sedentary time and physical activity are associated with cardiometabolic health in overweight adults in a 1 month accelerometer measurement

Cited by 37 publications

References 37 publications

Body Adiposity, But Not Elements of Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior or Physical Activity, Is Associated With Circulating Liver Enzymes in Adults With Overweight and Obesity

Body Adiposity, But Not Elements of Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior or Physical Activity, Is Associated With Circulating Liver Enzymes in Adults With Overweight and Obesity

Influence of the Duration and Timing of Data Collection on Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Associated Insulin Resistance

Increased physical activity is not related to markers of cardiometabolic health in two lemur species

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