“…The rapidly attenuated seismic pulse or 'jolt' model (Nolan et al, 1992;Greenberg et al, 1994Greenberg et al, , 1996Nolan et al, 2001;Thomas and Robinson, 2005) is consistent with strong attenuation in dry laboratory granular materials at kHz frequencies (Hostler and Brennen, 2005;O'Donovan et al, 2016), but qualitatively differs from the slowly attenuating seismic reverberation model (Cintala et al, 1978;Cheng et al, 2002;Richardson et al, 2004Richardson et al, , 2005, that is supported by measurements of slow seismic attenuation rates in lunar regolith (Dainty et al, 1974;Toksöz et al, 1974;Nakamura, 1976). While both impact-induced seismic jolt and reverberation can cause crater erasure and crater rim degradation (Veverka et al, 2001;Nolan et al, 2001;Richardson et al, 2004Richardson et al, , 2005Thomas and Robinson, 2005;Asphaug, 2008), size segregation induced by the Brazil-nut effect could depend on sustained vibrations or reverberation (e.g., Miyamoto et al 2007;Tancredi et al 2012;Matsumura et al 2014;Tancredi et al 2015;Perera et al 2016;Maurel et al 2017;Chujo et al 2018), though a single seismic pressure pulse can also leave boulders on the surface (Wright et al, 2020) via ballistic sorting (Shinbrot et al, 2017).…”