Boundary institutions and HIV/AIDS policy in Brazil and South Africa

Gauri, Varun; Lieberman, Evan S.

doi:10.1007/bf02686236

Cited by 84 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Ethnic fractionalisation is included in the analyses to control for the possibility that in ethnically divided societies, elites will be less likely to mobilize around HIV/ AIDS policies because of a fear that such mobilisation would stigmatise their own ethnic group as Lieberman (2007) and Gauri and Lieberman (2006) hypothesise and find support for. Following the work of Lieberman (2007), we employ Fearon's Cultural Fractionalisation measure in the tests.…”

Section: Country Responses To the Aids Epidemicmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In a case study of South Africa and Brazil, Gauri and Lieberman (2006) argue that when a society is ethnically divided, elites will be less likely to mobilise around HIV/AIDS policies because of fear that such mobilisation would stigmatise their own ethnic group. Elites may feel that by addressing the health problem straight on with legitimate government action, their ethnic group could suffer reputational consequences.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Foreign Assistance and the Struggle Against HIV/AIDS in the Developing World

Peiffer

Boussalis

2010

Journal of Development Studies

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The few studies that have examined the systematic determinants of HIV/AIDS policy cross-nationally have left the possible impact of foreign aid out of the equation. At a time when developed nations are critically reassessing their foreign aid commitments a deeper understanding of the impact of HIV/AIDS foreign aid on policy outcomes in the developing world is vital. This study expands the present literature by analyzing the role of foreign funding in a nation's response to the epidemic. The authors find that while HIV/AIDS directed foreign aid has significantly positive effects on a country's treatment coverage rates, the level of traditionalism is a more important influence with regard to the proclivity of a country to adopt preventative policies centred on HIV/AIDS education. Civil and political rights are critical, but not often the real problem for the destitute sick. My patients in Haiti can now vote but they can't get medical care or clean water. (Paul Farmer)

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Section: Country Responses To the Aids Epidemicmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Foreign Assistance and the Struggle Against HIV/AIDS in the Developing World

Peiffer

Boussalis

2010

Journal of Development Studies

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“…What we are proposing is a more nuanced explanation that suggests that intra-state (domestic) and across state (external) linkages activate strong domestic responses even when domestic boundary institutions may suggest otherwise. And, India's weaker capacity outlined in Eimer and Lutz (2010) is due to the specific linkage mechanisms outlined here that render its state unable to bargain effectively with the 7 See Gauri and Lieberman (2006). Also see, Lieberman (2009).…”

Section: The Puzzle: Variation In the Trade-off Between Patents Profmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…88 There were two different views on treatment within the government: the former Deputy Health Minister supported it and Mbecki, South Africa's President, denied it. 89 Gauri and Lieberman (2006).…”

Section: Conclusion: Implications and Comparative Extensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkage Politics and the Persistence of National Policy Autonomy in Emerging Powers: Patents, Profits, and Patients in the Context of TRIPS Compliance

Olsen

Sinha

2014

SSRN Journal

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Abstract:The Trade Related Intellectual Property Agreement (TRIPS) has had a profound effect on industrialization and innovation, as well as access to medicines in cases of public health crisis such as HIV/AIDS. However, compliance with TRIPS has varied in developing countries, despite heightened international pressure. For instance, Brazil has pursued a coherent approach to its HIV/AIDS health crisis, while India has failed to take care of its HIV patients despite late compliance with the TRIPS agreement and the presence of business firms that produce the generic medicines for HIV/AIDS. This article suggests that divergence in TRIPS compliance is the result of a linkage politics, in which global variables (global rules, global supply chains and global networks) reach into the domestic political economy to alter the interests and capabilities of domestic actors. Indian pharmaceutical firms have developed external and export interests that lower incentives for the Indian state to design a nationally relevant public health policy, while the Brazilian health movement with its societal and external linkages puts pressure on the Brazilian state to defend the interests of its HIV patients even at the cost of patents. We conclude by suggesting that linkage politics is better at helping us understand compliance with international agreements than existing explanations, with important consequences for the effectiveness of international institutions.

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“…In their comparative analysis of the Brazilian and South African responses to their respective AIDS epidemics, Gauri and Lieberman consider the impact of civil society, but ultimately suggest that two other factors-institutions and the norms of political communities-are responsible for the divergences they found. 31 Here we suggest the ways in which civil society involvement may be the decisive factor in determining AIDS treatment policy direction and success.…”

Section: Why the Path Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadblocks on the Road to Treatment: Lessons from Barbados and Brazil

Headley

Siplon

2006

PPS

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On a beautiful tropical day, two women living thousands of miles apart enter public clinics. One walks past the neatly parked cars in the parking lot, to the front door of the newly built, well-equipped Ladymeade Reference Unit, which stands across from the largest public medical facility on the island of Barbados. Everything about this experience is neat and well-ordered, from the facilities the woman is entering, to the pill boxes bearing brand-name labels that she receives at the in-house pharmacy, to the referral system that sent her here after she delivered a baby across the street. The second woman's experience appears a bit less ordered. The clinic she enters, which sits on the outskirts of one of Brazil's slum-ridden cities, is shabby, with peeling paint and a utilitarian concrete structure. Inside, there are no shiny, manufacturer-sponsored posters to match the pills being dispensed, because these pills do not bear familiar brand-name labels. Though the pictures may appear quite different, they bear a crucial similarity—both women are living with HIV, and both are fortunate to live in countries that have committed themselves to providing universal treatment access for their HIV-positive citizens.Patricia Siplon is Associate Professor of Political Science at Saint Michael's College in Vermont (psiplon@smcvt.edu). Jamila Headley is a student activist and member of the Student Global AIDS Campaign. She received her BA in political science from Saint Michael's College in 2006 (jheadley@smcvt.edu). Both authors would like to thank the Provost's Office at Saint Michael's College for funding and support of this research.

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Boundary institutions and HIV/AIDS policy in Brazil and South Africa

Cited by 84 publications

References 32 publications

Foreign Assistance and the Struggle Against HIV/AIDS in the Developing World

Foreign Assistance and the Struggle Against HIV/AIDS in the Developing World

Linkage Politics and the Persistence of National Policy Autonomy in Emerging Powers: Patents, Profits, and Patients in the Context of TRIPS Compliance

Roadblocks on the Road to Treatment: Lessons from Barbados and Brazil

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