Bovine serum albumin-functionalized graphene-decorated strontium as a potent complex nanoparticle for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Graphene and its family have a great potential in tissue engineering because of their super mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and antibacterial properties. Considering other properties of graphene such as high surface area and ready-to-use functionalization according to the high oxygen-containing groups in graphene oxide family, some needs could be addressed in bone tissue engineering. Herein, we synthesized and decorated strontium nanoparticles (SrNPs) during the reduction process of graphene oxide using green and novel method. Without using hydrazine or chemical linkers, strontium NPs were synthesized and decorated on the surface of rGO simultaneously using BSA. The results of the UV–Vis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that BSA could successfully reduce graphene oxide and decorated SrNPs on the surface of rGO. FESEM and TEM exhibited that in situ synthesized SrNPs had 25–30 nm diameter. Interestingly, cell viability for MC3T3-E1 cells treated with SrNPs-rGO, were significantly higher than BSA-rGO and GO in constant concentration. Furthermore, we investigated the alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) of these nanosheets that the results demonstrated Sr-BSA-rGO enhanced ALP activity more than GO and BSA-rGO. Remarkably, the relative expression of RUNX 2 and Col1 genes of MC3T3-E1 cells was boosted when treated with Sr-BSA-rGO nanosheets. This study revealed that using proteins and other biomolecules as green and facile agent for decoration of smart nanoparticles on the surface of nanosheets, would be promising and assist researcher to replace the harsh and toxic hydrazine like materials with bio-friendly method. These results demonstrated that Sr-BSA-rGO had the excellent capability for regenerating bone tissue and could be used as an osteogenesis booster in implants.

Tunable graphene oxide for the low-fouling electrochemical sensing of uric acid in human serum

“…49 The D band is related to incomplete and disordered hybrid carbon sites in the graphene layer, it proved the presence of defects in the graphite such as bond length, disorder, bond angle, vacancies, and edge defects. 50 The G band is attributed to the vibration of the sp 2 bond of carbon atoms in the hexagonal graphene construction. 51 It is well known that the intensity ratio of D and G bands ( I D / I G ) represents a significant parameter for estimating the defect density of graphite materials, and the increased I D / I G ratio reflects the increase in the defect density in the structure of graphite, which arises from distortion of the hexagonal network of carbon atoms.…”

Laser Ablation of the Flexible Graphite: A New Way to Create a Graphene‐Based Flexible Substrate

“…It has been reported that the color of pure graphene is black and changes brown with the increase of oxygen groups on its surface. [ 39 ]…”

Albumin Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems

“… 257 Research on model organisms has begun to characterize the source of regenerated cells, determine their efficacy, and determine the molecules required for supplementary events. 258 Albumin nanoparticles have shown great potential for application in the delivery of regeneration promoters in regenerating bone tissue, 259–261 wound healing, 262–264 repairing spinal cord injury, 265 , 266 and so on. Lin et al 89 provided a nanofiber scaffold containing chitosan-stabilized BSA nanoparticles for controlling the delivery of dual drugs to create an osteogenic microenvironment for bone regeneration.…”