Bovine TB in camelids

Starnes, Andrew; Wood, A. J.

doi:10.1136/vr.160.12.416

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Analysis of BALF can replace the need to obtain lung biopsy specimens in many patients and is frequently used to diagnose diffuse pulmonary disease such as inflammatory airway disease in horses. 19,20,22,23 Analysis of results for cytologic examination and bacteriologic culture of BALF improves the sensitivity of the diagnosis of fungal pneumonia and tuberculosis in humans 24 and may also be useful in the antemortem diagnosis of several conditions that affect alpacas, such as tuberculosis, [25][26][27][28][29] nocardiosis, 30 viral pneumonia, 31,32 pulmonary neoplasia, 33 fungal pneumonia, 2,4,34 and Rhodococcus equi-associated pneumonia. 35 Reference values for BALF cytologic examination have been established for several domestic species, including horses 23 and dogs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Respiratory mechanics and results of cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy adult alpacas

Pacheco¹,

Bedenice²,

Mazan³

et al. 2012

ajvr

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confidence: 99%

Respiratory mechanics and results of cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy adult alpacas

Pacheco¹,

Bedenice²,

Mazan³

et al. 2012

ajvr

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“…Within and outside their country of origin, alpacas and domestic ruminants, such as cows, goats and sheep, have similar grazing patterns and diet. Domestic ruminants and alpaca have multiple opportunities for interspecies pathogen transmission, as observed for Brucella abortus [28] , [29] , bovine viral diarrhea virus [17] – [19] , Mycobacterium bovis [3] – [5] , etc. in North America.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, because many alpaca are kept as companion animals the possibility of pathogen transmission between alpacas and humans should not be ignored. An example would be tuberculosis, reported many times in alpaca and llama [3] – [5] . Thus new reagents for diagnostic use, to prevent and combat potential alpaca pathogens are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation and Characterization of the First Immortalized Alpaca Cell Line Suitable for Diagnostic and Immunization Studies

et al. 2014

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Raising of alpacas as exotic livestock for wool and meat production and as companion animals is growing in importance in the United States, Europe and Australia. Furthermore the alpaca, as well as the rest of the camelids, possesses the peculiarity of producing single-chain antibodies from which nanobodies can be generated. Nanobodies, due to their structural simplicity and reduced size, are very versatile in terms of manipulation and bio-therapeutic exploitation. In fact the biotech companies involved in nanobody production and application continue to grow in number and size. Hence, the development of reagents and tools to assist in the further growth of this new scientific and entrepreneurial reality is becoming a necessity. These are needed mainly to address alpaca disease diagnosis and prophylaxis, and to develop alpaca immunization strategies for nanobody generation. For instance an immortalized alpaca cell line would be extremely valuable. In the present work the first stabilized alpaca cell line from alpaca skin stromal cells (ASSCs) was generated and characterized. This cell line was shown to be suitable for replication of viruses bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus and caprine herpesvirus-1 and the endocellular parasite Neospora caninum. Moreover ASSCs were easy to transfect and transduce by several methods. These two latter characteristics are extremely useful when recombinant antigens need to be produced in a host homologous system. This work could be considered as a starting point for the expansion of the biotechnologies linked to alpaca farming and industry.

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“…This review describes the advances achieved on the diagnosis of tuberculosis in camelids over the last 10 years, focusing on the application of both established diagnostic tests and novel techniques recently developed. Development of reliable diagnostic tests for tuberculosis in camelids is critical to control the spread of the disease in these animal species, not only because of its clinical importance but also because of the potential role of camelids as reservoirs of the disease for cattle, target of eradication programmes implemented in several developed countries that have not achieved the officially tuberculosis‐free status yet (Starnes and Wood, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Camelids: Old Problems, Current Solutions and Future Challenges

Álvarez

Bezos

Juan

et al. 2011

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Summary In spite of great efforts for its control and eradication, tuberculosis remains one of the most important zoonosis worldwide. Its causative agents, the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, have a wide host range that complicates the epidemiology of this disease. Among susceptible species to these pathogens, camelids from the New World (llama, alpaca and vicuña) and Old World (Bactrian camel and dromedary) are acquiring an increasing importance in several European countries because of its growing number and could act as reservoirs of the disease for livestock and humans in their natural habitat. In addition, tuberculosis caused by a number of M. tuberculosis complex members is a life‐threatening disease in these animal species. Although tuberculosis has been known to affect camelids for a long time, ante‐mortem diagnosis is still challenging because of the lack of standardized diagnostic techniques and the limited sensitivity and specificity of the most widely applied tests. However, in recent years, several techniques that can at least partially overcome these limitations have been developed. This paper reviews the results and advances achieved in tuberculosis diagnosis in camelids in the last decade as well as the progresses on ongoing investigations, with special attention to the remaining challenges that still have to be faced to assure the availability of reliable tools for the detection of tuberculosis‐infected animals and herds.

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Bovine TB in camelids

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Respiratory mechanics and results of cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy adult alpacas

Respiratory mechanics and results of cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy adult alpacas

Generation and Characterization of the First Immortalized Alpaca Cell Line Suitable for Diagnostic and Immunization Studies

Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Camelids: Old Problems, Current Solutions and Future Challenges

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