Bovine tuberculosis in Northern Ireland: Risk factors associated with time from post-outbreak test to subsequent herd breakdown

Doyle, L. P.; Gordon, Alan; Abernethy, D.A.; Stevens, Kim

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.06.010

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We purposely used a simple metric for a history of bTB infection (similar to [3]) as we only wanted to control for this known risk factor. However, we acknowledge that the relationship between current risk and previous history may be complex, and highlight other more in-depth analysis of this issue [37,40,41]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of tuberculosis cattle herd breakdowns in Ireland: effects of badger culling effort, density and historic large-scale interventions

Byrne

White

McGrath

et al. 2014

Vet Res

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) continues to be a problem in cattle herds in Ireland and Britain. It has been suggested that failure to eradicate this disease is related to the presence of a wildlife reservoir (the badger). A large-scale project was undertaken in the Republic of Ireland during 1997–2002 to assess whether badger removal could contribute to reducing risk of cattle herd breakdowns in four areas. During the period of that “four area” study, there was a significant decrease in risk in intensively culled (removal) areas relative to reference areas. In the present study, we revisit these areas to assess if there were any residual area effects of this former intervention a decade on (2007–2012). Over the study period there was an overall declining trend in bTB breakdown risk to cattle herds. Cattle herds within former removal areas experienced significantly reduced risk of breakdown relative to herds within former reference areas or herds within non-treatment areas (OR: 0.53; P < 0.001). Increased herd breakdown risk was associated with increasing herd size (OR: 1.92-2.03; P < 0.001) and herd bTB history (OR: 2.25-2.40; P < 0.001). There was increased risk of herd breakdowns in areas with higher badger densities, but this association was only significant early in the study (PD*YEAR interaction; P < 0.001). Badgers were culled in areas with higher cattle bTB risk (targeted culling). Risk tended to decline with cumulative culling effort only in three counties, but increased in the fourth (Donegal). Culling badgers is not seen as a viable long-term strategy. However, mixed policy options with biosecurity and badger vaccination, may help in managing cattle breakdown risk.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-014-0109-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of tuberculosis cattle herd breakdowns in Ireland: effects of badger culling effort, density and historic large-scale interventions

Byrne

White

McGrath

et al. 2014

Vet Res

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“…In Italy, enterprises consisting of both dairy and beef animals, presented a greater risk [odds ratio (OR) 4•92, 95% CI 1 •26-19•19] than exclusively dairy enterprises, attributed to differences in purchasing policy [78]. Dairy herds experienced a recurrent bTB incident sooner than non-dairy herds in Northern Ireland, even after controlling for herd size [82], but a similar study in Ireland showed that dairy animals had a lower risk of a future restriction [83]. GB surveillance data indicate that the relationship between bTB incidence rate and herd type may be a result of the larger sizes of dairy herds and their location [84].…”

Section: Herd Typementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of risk factors for bovine tuberculosis infection in cattle in the UK and Ireland

et al. 2016

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important disease of cattle caused by infection with Mycobacterium bovis, a pathogen that may be extremely difficult to eradicate in the presence of a true wildlife reservoir. Our objective was to identify and review relevant literature and provide a succinct summary of current knowledge of risk factors for transmission of infection of cattle. Search strings were developed to identify publications from electronic databases to February 2015. Abstracts of 4255 papers identified were reviewed by three reviewers to determine whether the entire article was likely to contain relevant information. Risk factors could be broadly grouped as follows: animal (including nutrition and genetics), herd (including bTB and testing history), environment, wildlife and social factors. Many risk factors are inter-related and study designs often do not enable differentiation between cause and consequence of infection. Despite differences in study design and location, some risk factors are consistently identified, e.g. herd size, bTB history, presence of infected wildlife, whereas the evidence for others is less consistent and coherent, e.g. nutrition, local cattle movements. We have identified knowledge gaps where further research may result in an improved understanding of bTB transmission dynamics. The application of targeted, multifactorial disease control regimens that address a range of risk factors simultaneously is likely to be a key to effective, evidence-informed control strategies.

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“…However, dairy herds have been found to be a risk factor for herd bTB breakdown and the risk of recurrence in Northern Ireland (Doyle et al, 2014), and of increased risk of disclosing a LRS in the Republic of Ireland (Olea-Popelka et al, 2008). O'Hagan et al (2015) looked at the probability of SCITT positive animals being confirmed with bacteriology in NI, and found that dairy herds were significantly more likely to be confirmed than non-diary.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates that the dairy herds may be particularly vulnerable to having SCITT tests that underperform both in their ability to detect true positives and false negatives (O'Hagan et al, 2015). This problem of non-detection of truly infected dairy animals may be a partial explanation for the shorter times to breakdown observed in such herds in NI, as it may represent within-herd residual infection (Doyle et al, 2014;Lahuerta-Marin et al, 2015). Moreover, it has been described that bTB can spread faster in dairy herds than in beef herds (Alvarez et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herd size has been found to be a significant risk factor for bTB disclosure and herd breakdown risk in a number of studies (Brooks-Pollock and Keeling, 2009;Byrne et al, 2014;Doyle et al, 2014;Skuce et al, 2010). Herd size may contribute to increased bTB risk due to the potential for increased residual infection, especially if tests can behave differentially across herd sizes.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for failure to detect bovine tuberculosis in cattle from infected herds across Northern Ireland (2004–2010)

Lahuerta‐Marin

McNair

Skuce

et al. 2016

Research in Veterinary Science

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Bovine tuberculosis in Northern Ireland: Risk factors associated with time from post-outbreak test to subsequent herd breakdown

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Risk of tuberculosis cattle herd breakdowns in Ireland: effects of badger culling effort, density and historic large-scale interventions

Risk of tuberculosis cattle herd breakdowns in Ireland: effects of badger culling effort, density and historic large-scale interventions

A review of risk factors for bovine tuberculosis infection in cattle in the UK and Ireland

Risk factors for failure to detect bovine tuberculosis in cattle from infected herds across Northern Ireland (2004–2010)

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