Bovine Uterine, Cervical and Ovarian Androgen Receptor Concentrations

Vesanen, Mika; Isomaa, Veli; Alanko, M.; Vihko, R.

doi:10.1186/bf03547305

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…Previous studies have revealed the presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic receptors for ovarian sex hormones within the UECs and OECs [ 33–36 ]. The action of estrogens is facilitated principally through their interaction with estrogen receptors (ERs) [ 37 ].…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Upper Part Of The Frtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian sex steroid and epithelial control of immune responses in the uterus and oviduct: human and animal models

Kowsar,

Sadeghi,

Hashemzadeh

et al. 2023

Biology of Reproduction

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The female reproductive tract (FRT), including the uterus and oviduct (Fallopian tube), is responsible for maintaining an optimal microenvironment for reproductive processes, such as gamete activation and transportation, sperm capacitation, fertilization, and early embryonic and fetal development. The mucosal surface of the FRT may be exposed to pathogens and sexually transmitted microorganisms due to the opening of the cervix during mating. Pathogens and endotoxins may also reach the oviduct through the peritoneal fluid. To maintain an optimum reproductive environment while recognizing and killing pathogenic bacterial and viral agents, the oviduct and uterus should be equipped with an efficient and rigorously controlled immune system. Ovarian sex steroids can affect epithelial cells and underlying stromal cells, which have been shown to mediate innate and adaptive immune responses. This, in turn, protects against potential infections while maintaining an optimal milieu for reproductive events, highlighting the homeostatic involvement of ovarian sex steroids and reproductive epithelial cells. This article will discuss how ovarian sex steroids affect the immune reactions elicited by the epithelial cells of the non-pregnant uterus and oviduct in the bovine, murine, and human species. Finally, we propose that there are regional and species-specific differences in the immune responses in FRT.

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Section: Characteristics Of the Upper Part Of The Frtmentioning

confidence: 99%