Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) in Dairy Cattle: A Matched Case-Control Study

Abstract

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) causes one of the most important diseases of cattle in terms of economic costs and welfare. The aims were to estimate herd prevalence and to investigate the factors associated with antibodies in bulk tank milk (BTM) in dairy herds through a matched case-control study. To estimate herd prevalence, BTM samples were randomly selected (n = 314) from a population (N = 1604). The true prevalence of BVDV was 24.3% (CI 95% = 20.1-29.3%). For the case-control study, BVDV antibody-positive herds (high antibody titres) were classified as cases (n = 21) and matched (n = 63) by milk production with herds presenting low antibody titres (ratio of 1 : 3). Three multivariable models were built: 1) full model, holding all 21 variables, and two models divided according to empirical knowledge and similarity among variables; 2) animal factor model; and 3) biosecurity model. The full model (model 1) identified: age as a culling criteria (OR = 0.10; CI 95% = 0.02-0.39; P < 0.01); farms that provided milk to other industries previously (OR = 4.13; CI 95% = 1.17-14.49; P = 0.02); and isolation paddocks for ill animals (OR = 0.14; CI 95% = 0.01-0.26; P = 0.02). The biosecurity model revealed a significant association with the use of natural mating (OR = 9.03; CI 95% = 2.14-38.03; P < 0.01); isolation paddocks for ill animals (OR = 0.06; CI 95% = 0.05-0.83; P = 0.03); years providing milk for the same industry (OR = 0.94; CI 95% = 0.91-0.97; P = 0.02); and direct contact over fences among cattle of neighbouring farms (OR = 5.78; CI 95% = 1.41-23.67; P = 0.04). We recommend the application of grouping predictors as a good choice for model building because it could lead to a better understanding of disease-exposure associations.

Identification of key proteins of cytopathic biotype bovine viral diarrhoea virus involved in activating NF-κB pathway in BVDV-induced inflammatory response

“…Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is the etiologic pathogen of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) with inflammatory diarrhea, enteritis, and mucosa necrosis as the major clinical manifestations. BVD-MD is one of the economically important diseases in cattle, leading to numerous losses to the cattle rearing industry all over the world [ 1–3 ]. BVDV, belonging to the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae , possesses a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome (ca.…”

Comparative Analysis of the Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Cattle Populations Based on Detection Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Further variations in age-related prevalence are evident, as cows have higher odds of testing seropositive over heifers [ 36 ], which might reflect the prolonged exposure or potential re-exposure in breeding females. Certain risk factors related to breeding and reproduction, including natural or extensive breeding [ 37 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], history of abortion [ 44 , 45 ], repeat breeding [ 46 ], and the status of being pregnant or lactating [ 33 , 47 ] also correlated with increased prevalence of BVDV. This points to the potential impacts of BVDV on reproductive health, with potentially significant effects on herd productivity, and the importance of regular surveillance.…”

“…Moreover, the current study highlighted the impact of cattle management practices on prevalence of BVDV. Commingling or introducing new cattle [ 36 , 37 , 53 , 54 , 55 ], purchasing cattle [ 38 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ], and direct contact with neighboring farms [ 41 ] increased the risk of BVDV detection, likely due to increased potential for pathogen spread. The type and size of herd were also associated with prevalence of BVDV, with certain breeds [ 42 , 63 , 65 ], larger herds [ 43 , 52 , 58 , 62 , 63 , 66 , 72 , 73 , 74 ], and the presence of PI cattle in the pen [ 75 ] leading to higher prevalence.…”

Mapeo científico en la búsqueda de información. Caso de estudio: enfermedades infecciosas en bovinos

“…Las enfermedades infecciosas bovinas generan problemas de salud pública y pérdidas económicas a los ganaderos (Ballesteros-Ricaurte et al, 2018;Machado et al, 2016), las asociaciones productoras de lácteos y, en general, a las personas y empresas que están vinculadas al sector lácteo (Ansari-Lari et al, 2017). Los temas relacionados con enfermedades infecciosas bovinas están enlazados con brotes, tratamientos y análisis de la presencia de la enfermedad en fincas (Al-Mamun et al, 2018).…”