Brachiopoda

Santagata, Scott

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1871-9_12

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Next to Rhynchonelliformea, two inarticulate clades belong to the Brachiopoda: Craniiformea and Linguliformea [80], both possessing a planktonic larvae, which undergoes more or less pronounced metamorphosis [62, 69, 81–85]. In Linguliformea the metamorphosis itself is extended over time with some of the juvenile traits present already in planktotrophic larvae [66, 69, 81, 86] and the most advanced larval stages are even commonly considered as representing planktonic juveniles or paralarvae [62, 69, 86]. One can therefore speculate, that as larval and adult body plans in Linguliformea are continuous, their patterning by Hox genes should be similar as is a case in T. transversa .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One can therefore speculate, that as larval and adult body plans in Linguliformea are continuous, their patterning by Hox genes should be similar as is a case in T. transversa . On the other hand, there are two competing hypotheses about nature of the rearrangement of the larval body plan during metamorphosis of craniiformean brachiopods [62, 82, 83, 87, 88]. The main controversy regards whether N. anomala larva, which lacks the distinct pedicle lobe, attaches to the substrate with its dorso-posterior side [82] or with the posterior tip of the posterior lobe [83].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As all brachiopods, adults of T. transversa are filter feeding animals with external anatomy superficially similar to bivalves – most of the body, including lophophore, a filtering organ, is enclosed in the two-valved shell, which covers the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body. The clade Rhynchonelliformea is further characterized by the set of morphological features, including: posterior soft-tissued pedicle (by which animal attaches to the substrate), blind gut devoid of anus and articulated valvehinge [62]. Additionally, rhynchonelliformean larvae differ from those found in other brachiopods by possessing three distinct body regions (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, rhynchonelliformean larvae differ from those found in other brachiopods by possessing three distinct body regions (Fig. 1B1) – anterior lobe, mantle lobe (bearing four chaetal sacs) and the most posterior pedicle lobe [62–66]. The rhynchonelliformean larva settles by adhering to the substrate with the posterior tip of the pedicle lobe (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hox gene expression in postmetamorphic juveniles of the brachiopod Terebratalia transversa

Gąsiorowski

Hejnol

2018

Preprint

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Background: Hox genes encode a family of homeodomain containing transcription factors that are clustered together on chromosomes of many Bilateria. Some bilaterian lineages express these genes during embryogenesis in spatial and/or temporal order according to their arrangement in the cluster, a phenomenon referred to as collinearity. Expression of Hox genes is well studied during embryonic and larval development of numerous species; however, relatively few studies focus on the comparison of pre- and postmetamorphic expression of Hox genes in animals with biphasic life cycle. Recently, the expression of Hox genes was described for embryos and larvae of Terebratalia transversa, a rhynchonelliformean brachiopod, which possesses distinct metamorphosis from planktonic larvae to sessile juvenile. During premetamorphic development, T. transversa does not exhibit spatial collinearity and several of its Hox genes are recruited for the morphogenesis of novel structures. In our study we determined expression of Hox genes in post-metamorphic juveniles of T. transversa in order to examine metamorphosis-related changes of expression patterns and to test if Hox genes are expressed in the spatially collinear way in the postmetamorphic juveniles. Results: Hox genes are expressed in a spatially non-collinear manner in juveniles, generally showing similar patterns as ones observed in competent larvae: genes labial and Post1 are expressed in chaetae-related structures, sex comb reduced in the shell forming epithelium, whereas Lox5 and Lox4 in dorso-posterior epidermis. After metamorphosis expression of genes proboscipedia, Hox3, Deformed and Antennapedia becomes restricted to, respectively, shell musculature, prospective hinge rudiments, and pedicle musculature and epidermis. Conclusions: All developmental stages of T. transversa, including postmetamorphic juveniles, exhibit a spatial non-collinear Hox genes expression with only minor changes observed between pre- and postmetamorphic stages. Our results are concordant with morphological observation that metamorphosis in rhynchonelliformean brachiopods, despite being rapid, is rather gradual. The most drastic changes in Hox genes expression patterns observed during metamorphosis could be explained by the inversion of the mantle lobe, which relocates some of the more posterior larval structures into the anterior edge of the juveniles. Cooption of Hox genes for the morphogenesis of novel structures is even more pronounced in post-metamorphic brachiopods when compared to larvae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hox gene expression in postmetamorphic juveniles of the brachiopod Terebratalia transversa

Gąsiorowski

Hejnol

2018

Preprint

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“…Brachiopods have been an important component of the benthic marine realm since the Cambrian (Carlson, ; Santagata, ). They achieved an astonishing diversity and abundance in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic, with some 30 000 described species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brachiopod biotope associated with rocky bottoms at the shelf break in the central Mediterranean Sea: Geobiological traits and conservation aspects

Angeletti

Canese

Cardone

et al. 2020

Aquatic Conservation

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In the Recent, brachiopods only seldom occur in benthic communities. A biotope dominated by Megerlia truncata was identified in 2013 by exploration of the south‐easternmost Adriatic margin by Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). Emerging rocky substrates next to the shelf break at approximately 120 m appear intensively exploited by this eurybathic rhynchonelliformean brachiopod, attaining a population of more than 300 individuals per m2. Calcareous red algae are almost ubiquitous at this site and preferentially encrust sectors of the substrate where brachiopods are minimal. This Megerlia biotope is a novel finding for this part of the Mediterranean Sea, similar to a situation previously observed in the Western Basin, off the Mediterranean French coast. It is proposed that this remarkable brachiopod biotope and the adjacent rhodolith bed are considered important for conservation management.

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Genes with evidence of positive selection as potentially related to coloniality and the evolution of morphological features among the lophophorates and entoprocts

Santagata

2020

J Exp Zool Pt B

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Evolutionary mechanisms that underlie the origins of coloniality among organisms are diverse. Some animal colonies may be comprised strictly of clonal individuals formed from asexual budding or comprised of a chimera of clonal and sexually produced individuals that fuse secondarily. This investigation focuses on select members of the lophophorates and entoprocts whose evolutionary relationships remain enigmatic even in the age of genomics. Using transcriptomic data sets, two coloniality‐based hypotheses are tested in a phylogenetic context to find candidate genes showing evidence of positive selection and potentially convergent molecular signatures among solitary species and taxa‐forming colonies from aggregate groups or clonal budding. Approximately 22% of the 387 orthogroups tested showed evidence of positive selection in at least one of the three branch‐site tests (CODEML, BUSTED, and aBSREL). Only 12 genes could be reliably associated with a developmental function related to traits linked with coloniality, neuroanatomy, or ciliary fields. Genes testing for both positive selection and convergent molecular characters include orthologues of Radial spoke head, Elongation translation initiation factors, SEC13, and Immediate early response gene5. Maximum likelihood analyses included here resulted in tree topologies typical of other phylogenetic investigations based on wider genomic information. Further genomic and experimental evidence will be needed to resolve whether a solitary ancestor with multiciliated cells that formed aggregate groups gave rise to colonial forms in bryozoans (and perhaps the entoprocts) or that the morphological differences exhibited by phoronids and brachiopods represent trait modifications from a colonial ancestor.

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Brachiopoda

Cited by 11 publications

References 68 publications

Hox gene expression in postmetamorphic juveniles of the brachiopod Terebratalia transversa

Hox gene expression in postmetamorphic juveniles of the brachiopod Terebratalia transversa

A brachiopod biotope associated with rocky bottoms at the shelf break in the central Mediterranean Sea: Geobiological traits and conservation aspects

Genes with evidence of positive selection as potentially related to coloniality and the evolution of morphological features among the lophophorates and entoprocts

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