2007
DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.583
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Brackish groundwater treatment by nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis in Tunisia: performance and cost comparison

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Cited by 172 publications
(50 citation statements)
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“…In Tunisia, located in a semi-arid zone, the traditional sources of fresh water are limited in capacity and are being stressed by competing uses, such as irrigation and industrial needs [1][2][3][4]. In recent years and with the development of desalination processes, there has been an increasing interest in using brackish waters (water with less than 10,000 mg/L of total dissolved salts) as a source of potable water.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In Tunisia, located in a semi-arid zone, the traditional sources of fresh water are limited in capacity and are being stressed by competing uses, such as irrigation and industrial needs [1][2][3][4]. In recent years and with the development of desalination processes, there has been an increasing interest in using brackish waters (water with less than 10,000 mg/L of total dissolved salts) as a source of potable water.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The hydrated radii of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , and K + are 0.349, 0.429, 0.365, and 0.383 nm, respectively [16]. With a larger ion, its transport through the membrane is more sterically hindered [17]. Therefore, it is concluded that two ion characteristics, i.e., the ionic charge and hydrated ionic radius, could influence the desalination performance, in which the ionic charge was more important.…”
Section: Analyses and Calculationsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…In addition, a high pressure is necessary in RO membrane system, which results in the increase of the desalination cost (Hasson et al 2001). In NF process, although less pressure is needed, NF can just ensure the reduction of bivalent ions and it is insufficient to obtain drinking water from brackish water which contains lots of monovalent ions, the total dissolved solid (TDS) of the permeate obtained with this process is superior to the standard value (Walha et al 2007). Electrodialysis (ED) is an electrical-driven membrane technology, which is effective with fluoride removal from feed and not sensitive to pH or hardness levels.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%